65. ANOMODON. Cilia from a narrow base. Foliage yellowish green.
68. 'ÏIIELIA. Cilia obsolete ; a broad imnular membrane present, Foliage glaucous-green.
b. Leaves not papillose, complánate.
76. NECKERA. Cilia from a narrow base. Leaves undulate.
75. CYLINDR0TIIEC1ÜM. Cilia from a narrow base. Leaves smooth.
77. OMALIA. Cilia fi*om a broad base : cilioloe present.
c. Leaves not complánate.
= Inner peristome a membrane adherent to the teeth.
62. LEUCODON. Perichæth very long. Calyptra smooth.
63. LEPTODON. Perichæth very long. Calyptra hairy.
72. PYLAISÆA. Perichæth short. Calyptra smooth.
= = Inne r peristome free, divided to the base into 16 cilia,
71. ANACAMPTODON. Teeth of the peristome reflexed when dry.
74. PLATYGYRIUM. Teeth of the peristome broadly margined. Annulus large.
64. ANTITRICniA. Perichæth long. Ramification pinnate. Pedicels flexuose.
79. CLIMACIUM. Perichæth long. Ramification dendroid. Columella cxserted.
60. DICUELYMA. Perichæth long. Inne r peristome as in Fontinalis, No. 59.
t - ■*- Capsule inclined, unequal.
73. IIOMALOTIIECIUM. Inne r peristome a membrane adherent to the teeth. Calyptra hairy.
80. IIYPNU3I. Inne r peristome a plicate membrane divided half-way into carínate cilia ; ciliolæ
present. Calyptra smooth.
B . Calyptra mitriform. Peristome double ; its teeth 16.
* Capsule immersed, erect.
59. FONTINALIS. Inne r peristome of 16 cilia connected by cross-bars.
61. CRYPIIÆA. Inne r peristome of 16 free and subulate cilia.
* * Capsule exserted, horizontal.
78. IIOOKERIA. Inne r peristome of 16 carínate cilia : ciliolæ absent.
SüBOKDEE I. S P H Â O IV A C E Æ .
1 . S P I I A G S f i r M , m i . P eat-Moss. (Tab. I.)
Calyptra irregalarly riipturecl in tbe middle. Operculum conycx, depressed.
Capsule subglobose, sessile on the pedicellate vaginula. Peristome none. In florescence
monoecious or dioecious: antheridia roundish, with a long pedicel,
lodged singly in the axils of the perigonial leaves at the clavate extremities of
short branches. —Large, soft, flaccid, and usually pale-colored plants, inhahiting
bogs and swampy places; stems erect, mostly simple, capitate a t the summit by
the crowded branches which elsewhere are (3 - 7 together) in distinct fascicles ;
branch-leaves 5-ranked, between broad-ovate and linear-lanceolate, convolute-
concave, with a peculiar reticulation, composed of two kinds of cellules, one kind
(utricles) large, sub-fusiform, colorless, perforated, and lined with a spiral filament
(fibrillose), except in No. 10; the other kind (ducts) much smaller, linear,
chlorophyllose, running between the contiguous walls of the utricles and forming
the angnlar-serpentine network. (Sipdyvos, the ancient name.) Cross-sections
of the leaf (see Sulliv. in Mem. Amer. Acad. IV . p. 174. t. 4. B.), showing
the form and relative position of the utricles and ducts, are of service in determining
the species, as follows : —
* Ducts somewhat elliptical, situated centrally between the anyular-rotund utricles,
and not extending to either surface o f the leaf.
1. S. cymbifolinin, Dill. Dioecious; stems robust. O '- 18' long;
branches 4 - G in a fascicle, tumid, mostly obtuse; stom-leavcs spatulatc, not
flbrillose; branch-leaves imbricated, ovate, cucullato and entire at the ap ex ;
capsule with stomata iu its wall. — Bogs, &c.; common. — A large species, distinguished
from its congeners by the sharp papilla) on the back of the leaf near
the apex, and by tho stria) on the walls of the cortical utricles of the branches.
(Tab. I.) (Eu.)
2. S . c o m i t i l c t u i n , Brid. Dioecious 7 stems erect, 2 '- 5 'high, densely
ca)spitose, with one layer of cortical utricles; branches 2 - 3 in a fascicle, short,
crowded, erect; brancli-loaves ovatc-acumiiiate, recuived-spreading, broadly margined,
truncate and toothed at tho ap ex ; utricles with small pores, those at the
point of the narrowly acuminated perichojtial leaves not fibrillose. (S. strictum,
Muse. AUeghan., No. 201.) — Springy places on high mountains. Southern
States, Lesquereux, Curtis, Buckley. (Eu.)
3. S. contórtum, Schtütz. Somewhat stiff and dark-colored; stems
4 ' - 6 ' high; branches attenuated, more or less contorted; branch-leaves rather
seciind, ovate-lanceolate, of a firm tex tu re; utricles very naiTow, with a row of
smaU pores on each side. — Cranberry marshes. Northern Ohio, Lesquereux. (Eu.)
4. S. Eescili’ii, Sulliv. (Muse. Bor.-Amer., No. 6.) Aspect same as
that of small forms of No. 1; ramification and mode of growth loose; branches
2 - 3 in a fascicle, distant; stcm-lcaves lingulato, obtuse, the utricles fibrillose;
branch-leaves elongated-ovate, truncate and dentate at tho apex, the ducts cuneiform
elliptic, approaching the convex surface of tho leaf; pericha¡tial loaves quite
large, when flattened oval-ovato; capsule oblong-globose, blackish, much ex-
serted. — Wet sandy places among tlie mountains of Alabama; also Dismal
Swamp, Virginia, Lesquereux.
5. S. téiieruin, Sulliv. & Lcsqx. (Muse. Bor.-Amer., No. 1 1 .) Stems
2’- 3 ' high, cmspitose; branches crowded, dcflexed; stem-leaves large, ovate-
lanceolate, the utricles fibrillose; branch-leaves ovate-Ianceolatc, imbricated;
utricles iunplc, with a few largo pores; ducts nearly cuneiform-elliptic, approaching
the concave surface of the leaf; periohmtial leaves ovate-subulate, undulate
on tho convolute margins above, tho utricles mostly not fibrillose; capsule
scarcely emergent. — Margins of rivulets; Eaccoon Mountains, Alabama, Les-
quereux.
C. s. Iiumile, Schimper. Ca)spitose; stems l ' - 2 ' high, with 3 layers
of cortical utricles; branches crowded, spreading, 2 - 3 in a fascicle; branch-
leaves ovate-lanceolate, tho upper half horizontal, trancate and dentate at tho
apex, narrowly margined; utricles broad, with large pores. — Tallahassee, Florida,
liugd: among the Lookout Mountains, Alabama, Lesquereux.
7. S. cyclopliyllum, Sulliv. & Lesqx. (Muse. Bor.-Amer., No. 5.)
Stems 2 '- 3 ' long, thick, turgid, flaccid, with only one layer of cortical utricles,
mostly simple, rarely with a few scattered branches, not in fascicles ; leaves palé
greenish-white, narrowly margined, somewhat constricted at base, closely imbricated,
oblong-rotund, entire at apex; ducts as in No. 5; flowers and fruit un-
knorvn. ^ (S. oymbifolium, var. turgidum, Hook, ¡f- Wils. in Drum. 2d Coll. No.
17.)—New Orleans, Drummond; mountains of Alabama, Lesquereux. — (Tihis