péople, when .in full dress, 'oir on ’ ccrcnldTiial ocf a-ion', worq, afmo^e ample
tunic, descending to the feet; The -ltcve of^fkr ^tunic, bftwctjtr/the elbow and
the wrist,,appears |of|e puckered up, and*« onfijn d abote tjjc band’by a bracelet.
Labourers and peasants appear frequently without^hose^ and:shmetiines without
shoes. _ In the Illustrations o f PrucTentms, '^ g “,.;ifi “the .twll^^pfeturoa The
Seasons, weÆçe-ill .these articles .of Anglo-Saxon costume in most of -the, different
ranks oftsflclety, V~ Amofig .the .latter, «,in théi4Üus&Àjd<^wfc''i^^^pilth
of April, - the perso®! sfeatedut the festival-wear the larg&%efimonial -tjifuck' In
the second subject’ from Prudentius, the soldier’s mantle- appears to bé'^ina-
rnented? by'jagging at- the heçr'dçff-somewhat -like, thé fashion; which’ becamtstso
prevalent,‘in the^ftime of Eichard.dl.’j^In the iïïurmnàtions, ‘ the! Anglo-Saxons
appear -generally .mthout hat, except when full armed'ÏSï' war or1“ travelling.^
’They aisé contradict the assertion which has been made that; ’the .Angffi-Saxons
universally, worèlofi|^ flowing hair,-for-it ,is there gernrally^■'(ffr'hbi't. *(
The dress of the Anglo-Saxon ladies cannot 1.x described with thé saine
precision as that of the men. The outer vest was a large flowing tunic, i^Klch
among persons of high rank was.made of richlyAfnatnentod <'tufl\>'; "the An^lo-v
Saxon cyrtel is supposed to have beep a- shorter ternie, under this, and next to
the shin was probably the syree. The mantle of the ladies was also much
larger than that of the men,-and-hung dovri^db^Uiul/bdiiiid. T h e '.^ d 1
is generally covered with a long piece of silk or linen, which is al?d^Tàyyp;ë.|^
round the neck. The shoes appear to have been the ^ame ior l>otli >cx< <
During the Anglo-Saxonrperiod
not appear to have differed much from that of the laity. The cérémonial
robes resembled those of a later period, except that the mitre was not yet in
use: The tonsure was received among the Anglo-Saxon clergy early, though
not without considerable opposition. -
In the üluminatións, the only addition to the dre^ of the^ v arijipr.i ap
or hat a kind of Phrygian bonnet, generally -crested at the top. Perhaps the
military tunic-was made of thicker and less penetrable materials than that of tin
civil cqstume. Mail, was probably only used. b|PjpSÉpjÉSS|'fe Thèjs;‘E ^ 4 ^ |té an
oval or round convex shield, made of wood, covered with leather, with .the umbo
and rim of iron; a sword; and a spear, or an axe. • The heads of the Saxon
battle-axes are frequently found in England, and h |te received frotóantiquaries
the inaccurate’' name, of celts. The Danes brought into more generalise, a
double-bladed axe, which was long »afterwards known by the name of the
Danish axe.. The bow does not appear to have been, with..much effect
among the Anglo-Saxons. It may also be observed . that the Anglo-Saxons
always fought on foot. ,' ,
The art of jewellery appears to have been extensively, encouraged among the
Anglo-Saxons. People of rank and wealth covered their persons, with brpcglets,
rings,'.brooches, and other ornaments, in precious metals and stones? j ' Their
ornaments were in general .richer in the materials than in the design. The
Anglo-Saxons appear to have been devoid of taste in the arts; their drawings
are, with a few exceptions^ exceedingly, rude and incorrect. The spécimens
given in the present work are much superior to thöse which are found in the
great ’number |ff3|tfitemporary manuscripts, * The- general stylé of Anglo-
Sâxon^^^mènt resëmblé|^hat which is commonly named Byzantine : borders
and initials in books are not dissimilar from those found in the earlier Greek
EcMcsiaWieal -manuscripts. The borders of leaves .1® books are sometimes
painted in a ‘sprt ofmiosâlc work, and executed with considerable beauty.
g*nglo=j&orman ^crioh, 1066-I20(h/
JSTjurf (‘©«tume and the art-' of life had rimiaiai’ed uniform among the Anglo-
Saxons tn^fhacl on djgjgpafe a^gco’^t ; change on the Continent.
®^pbrerou3 and »great political <r/vtelutloos, -and. an extensive intercourse with
the^ trabs and Ip^ewffpreignVnations; had brought many modifications even
'into the dress p< ople, partic ularti £0$ the higher classes. The Normans,
j$m®.thov had !setfel^ < ^ ^ ^ a ^ S n ^ S y tM -Ae .-‘ebstiMie and’,, language of the
jj.The|^cci|p.me df the Anglo-Norman aml^ Anglo-Saxons'/differed most widely
.(at(. tiie* jtime dfFthe/ jCbnquest), m pf?eMDihtai\ dress. The Anglo-Norman
defiers, yere covered. with^«iHB^g>l6g/a;k<or ^ a tunic of;®u|||i either
on net-work, or quilted. This article of d r ^ ^ gfecpirobably borrowed
froiii, t/ui^irabs.v< It appeam-in oilr, platc-^>pt/Vuj^\.BVr?7»?\-.pf the, eleventh
-cthsu'ry, vh<&(i\\ith tlie-'^eptiom of M i^o u n d shield) fare: dressed "exactly like
W%l||r-htans iTi^ilip.--,:Bavenx’^ ^ ^ ^ ^P^M^.Aeclky@# ; ^ ^ ^ ^ « wasattached
wlfich covered- '’’over whibhtwasijflaae#^^a conical helm*
Vith'lhe<rh)ng jiasal. guardM%ji«iing ih jfro n t.jM p I; shfeldjfaS Abe-Normans
i«pg a id ,>aaclragaa. lion, or some
wMiT'-rfeviV.p. Norman lance Jhad -a fl reattach« d Sxjit, and was called a
.gonfanan. The ,bo;w and thdpslin& c>w # e?¥also - formidab^^istruments in the
h®nds*pfffcbe Norman soldiers j^e^0^e\the.ond of the elemith centuiy, several
fed?fb!§^”'iuade in fhe form and* qonstructiofrtd'f defensive armour, and
$ p S ^ e d t llln tin u a l alterations d u rin g ''tw e lfth ,-c e n tu ry . The cowl of
mall jwasSfieseryed'j-',b^t; theyhelmet. underwent *a series of changes; ,the nasal
Mefence wasfiffown away at the •b'e^nnin^qf^Ct'W'e3f|lS%dntnry, and a pointed
■irdm eap was adapted; tajnd''tpw'ar'^ ffherlattdr -part of ith’e same century the
helmet took first the form of a high dmc, vhich afterwards, subsided into a
flat-topped cap oflsfeel',' fastened uaddr with an "iron hoop. A long
"funic,, was frec[uently worn under (the^h^hberc, an!d ||^ e ^ a tte r was partly covered
’’with a, si^oa't, an article 'df dress supposed te hat e ^)cen ^borrowed from the
Saracens during the crtts^dA1 “ The ’k i^ h a p e d ' sh’iSSt-continued in use till
after thefmid’dle o f the tw elfth p |itu r), after whiefiji became shortened-in form
*til'Mt''tbokf hbariy&he form-,*of'la triangle, b|iSg semicylindrical instead/of flat,
as;the'kite-shaped |ihicl‘d had hden: 'rt"hder jlti( hard I. th,e shield was charged
with' tih^lfarinoriak«bC'aring's of its^p n er. To offensive,»weapons was added, in
the latter half‘of’the'twelfth century, pR arbalest or cross-how.
B