a n i m a l it. Mr. Pennant-s Magellanic pinguïn, the two mifplaced Linnaan
K I N G D O M r
' 1Pccies* and our three new fpecies, have increafed it confiderably.
The bill, though various in regard to thicknefs, has; however, the
feme charadter in them all, except that fome fpecies have the lower
mandible truncated; the noftrils are always linear apertures, which
further proves their diftindtion from the diomedea. T h e feet are
exadily of the fame lhape in them all. They have only the rudiments
o f wings, enlarged by a membrane into a fin, and covered with a
kind o f feathers, but fo dofely, that they feem like fcales. It is
this, befides the lhape o f bill and feet, which diftinguifhes the ge-
nus o f auks or m \ius £alciz)< from them ; for thefe lalt, though
fometimes incapable o f flying, are only lb on account o f t h e yW -
nefs, not the deficiency o f quills. The body o f the pinguins is enr
tirely covered with oblong, thick, hard, and glolTy plumes, which
form a coat o f mail, impenetrable to wet, becaufe they are obliged
to live almoft continually, in the fea. They are confined to the
temperate and frigid zones, at; leaft I know of. none between the
tropics. The genus o f pelicans ( pekeanusj might perhaps be fepa.-
rated into three genera with greater juftice, than authors have ufed
in many o f their dilacerations. The true pelican- f o n o M u s J is
greatly different from all the-reft o f the fpecies,:: the man o f war
(p . aquilus) i the gannet (p , baffanus) | and the feveral forts of,
boobies (p .J iila , fib e r & pifcator.J form another divifion-t- from.
which
which the cormorant and lhag (p . carbo G? graculus) and four new
fpecies, are again widely different. But the charadters o f the feet,
and the naked fkin in which the eyes are fituated, being common
.to them all, they may ftill be continued in one common genus.
The gannets., and boobies, though they frequent particular places
for breeding, are however, not gregarious as the forts o f fhags :
fome of thefe lalt build in vaft numbers on. the fame tree ; others
fit by thoufands in the cavities o f overhanging cliffs along the fea--
fhore, and again, another fort build their elevated nefts on. the
ground, by whole, myriads.
Among the fifh we have only feparated a. genus from, the
■ abatodon, which differs from it by. having no fcales on the. fins,, a
fpine on each fide o f the tail, and a different number o f . branchio-
ftegous rays. O f this genus which has obtained, the name o f
H a r pu r u s , there are feven fpecies, viz,, three, new ones, (4:,
the ch . nigricans, ) ( 5 , lin ea tu s) (6 , fa feia tu s o f Linnsus.)
and 7,, one deferibed by Haffelquift, and erroneoufly quoted for
the ch. nigricans by LinnEeus.. We have augmented the Linntean
genus of s c iz en a , with eight.new fpecies,. which have every one
the fame- generic charadters, fo that, this genus now ftands more
firmly among the reft, to . which it is related. The genera of
l a b .rus and sparus merit the utmoft attention o f the naturalifts,
fince. every, writer gives us different,. and often, contradidtory cha>-
radteriftics.
A N I M A L
k i n g d o m :