(crayfish), and came to the conclusion that they are non-existent in
Turkistan, as in West and North Siberia.* s - . i i
The fresh-water Gammarus is represented by the ordinary G. pulex,
distributed over the whole of Europe.
Fresh-water Isopoda were not found by the expedition. Asellus,
which is so common in European fresh waters, does not appear to be
found in Turkistan. .
Of 19 Coj)ej)oda found, two are the common fish parasites of Europe
(Lamproglena pulchella and A rg u lu s fohaceu s); the remaining 17
species belong to three genera common to Europz—Diaptomus, Can-
thocamptus, and Cyclops. The genus Diaptomus is represented in
the collection by two new and rather remarkable species ; only one
species of the genus Canthocamptus was found, which is common all
over Europe. Finally, of the 14 species of the genus Cyclops found, 5
species are widely distributed over Central and Northern Europe (6.
signatus, viridis, tenuicornis, serrulatus, and phaleratus), 2 were
previously found only in the Scandinavian peninsula and Denmark
[C. a flints, Sars. and crassicornis, M.): 1 {C. Clausii, Heller) was
observed only in the Tyrol, and the remaining 6 are new, more or less
resembling European species. '
Of the two species of Turkistan Phyllopoda, one (Branchipus
ferox) is largely distributed over all Southern Europe, and the other
(Estheria dahalacensis) lives along the shores (northern as well as
southern) of the Mediterranean, and the waters lying near it.
The last section included in this paper— Cladocer«^contains 19
species. Of these 15 are more or less common in the whole of Western
Europe. Three species had already been found only in the Scandinavian
peninsula and Denmark (two species of Ceriodaphnia and Pleuroxus
hastatus), and there is but one new species belonging to the interesting
section of the genus Daphnia (designated by Schodler
Hyalodaphnia), representatives of which were previously observed m
North Germany, Denmark, Scandinavian peninsula, and Central European
Russia. - , ,
As is evident from the foregoing, it is difficult to say, from the data
at present in our possession, to what extent the Turkistan fauna of
fresh-water Crustacea differs from that of other localities. All that
we can say, confidently, is that among the Crustacea living in the
fresh waters of Russian Central Asia, a very- large number of West
European species is found, and that the new species, described by
me, are, in the majority of instances, very like the commonest 111 Central
and Southern Europe. '
With regard to the two Crustacea taken m the Aral Sea, one ot
them appears to be a new species, described by me under the name
Gammarus aralensis; the other—an Ergasilus—unfortunately, was
lost, so that the species remains undescribed. The unimportant
number of Crustacea brought from the Aral Sea by the expedition
cannot on any account be taken as an evidence of special security
of crustaceans there.
* [ M a d a m e F e d c h e n k o i n f o r m s m e , h o w e v e r , t h a t t h e Astacus h a s s i n c e b e e n
f o u n d i n T u r k i s t a n . a s c o m m u n i c a t e d b y M a j o r N . A . M a i e f f t d t h e M o s c o w
S o c i e t y o f F r i e n d s o f N a t u r a l H i s t o r y ; a n d t h a t t h e f u l l d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e s p e c i e s ,
o r r a t h e r v a r i e t y , w h i c h p r o v e d t o b e n e w a n d s o m e w h a t d i f f e r e n t f r o m t h e s i x
s p e c i e s h i t h e r t o k n o w n i n R u s s i a , h a s b e e n g i v e n b y S h i m k e v i c h i n t h e Zoologischcr
Anzeiger, 1 8 8 4 . — H. Li\
A P P E N D IX A — CRU STACEA.
A M P H I P O D A .
G a m m a r u s , F a b r . Fresh-water shrimps.
1 . G a m m a r u s p u l e x , D e g e e r .
2 . „ a r a l e n s i s , n.s.
I s o p o d a . Woodlice.
P o r c e l l i o , L a t r .
1 . P o r c e l l i o F e d c h e n k o i , n.s.
2 . 11 e l e g a n s , n.s.
3* o r n a t u s , M . - E d w .
4* l a t u s . n.s.
5- m a r a c a n d i c u s , n.s.
ö . ? » a s i a t i c u s , n.s.
7* l a e v i s , L t r .
8 . m a r g i n a t u s , n.s.
9- o r i e n t a l i s , n.s.
E N T O M O S T R A C A . Water-fleas.
COPEPODA, M.-EDW.
Calanidae, Dana.
D i a p t o m u s , W e s t w .
1 . D i a p t o m u s a s i a t i c u s , n.s.
2 . a f l i n i s , n.s.
Harpactidae, Dana.
C a n t h . o c a m . p t u s , W e s t w .
1 . C a n t h o c a m p t u s m i n u t u s , C l a u s .
Cyclopidae, Dana.
C y c l o p s .
1 . C y c l o p s s i g n a t u s , K o c h .
2 . „ v i r i d i s , J u r i n e .
t e n u i c o r n i s , C l a u s ,
v i c i n u s , n.s.
5* „ F e d c h e n k o i , n.s.
6 . „ S a r s i i , n.s.
7* , , o r i e n t a l i s , n.s.
8 . ' „ s e r r u l a t u s , F i s c h e r
9- „ a l a i e n s i s , n.s.
1 0 . „ a f f i n i s , S a r s .
I I . „ C l a u s i i , H e l l e r .
1 2 . „ . p h a l e r a t u s , K o c h .
m „ K a u f m a n n i , n.s.
1 4 . . , c r a s s i c o r n i s , M ü l l e
Ergasilidae, Burm.
E r g a s i l u s , N o r d m .
I . E r g a s i l u s , s.
Dichelestidae, M.-Edw.
Lamproglena, Nordm.
1. Lamproglena pulchella, Nordm.
Argulidae, Burm.
Argulus, Müller.
1. Argulus foliaceus, Lin.
B R A N C H I O P O D A .
P h y l l o p o d a .
Branchipus, Schaeff.
1. Branchipus ferox, M.-Edw.
Estheria, Straus,
j 1. Estheria dahalacensis, Straus.
C l a d o c e r a , L t r .
1. Sida, Straus.
1. Sida crystallina, O. F. Müller.
II. Daphnia, Schödler.
1. Daphnia Schaefferi, Baird.
2. „ pulex, Degeer.
3* 55 vitrea, n.s.
Simocephalus, Schödler.
1. Simocephalusvetulus, O. F. Müllei.
2. „ exspinosus, Koch.
Scapholeberis, Schödler.
I 1. Scapholeberis mucronata, O. F. Müll.
Ceriodaphnia, Dana.
1. Ceriodaphnia laticaudata, Müll., P . E .
1 2 . „ pulchella, Sars.
Moina, Baird.
I 1. Moina brachiata, Jurine.
Macrothrix, Baird.
| 1. Macrothrix laticomis, Jurine.
Bosmina, Baird.
i(?). Bosminal ongirostris, O. F. Müller.
Acroperus, Baird.
I. Acroperus leucocephalus, Koch.
Alona, Baird.
1. Alona quadrangularis, O. F. Müller.
2. „ lineata, Fisch.
Pleuroxus, Baird.
1. Pleuroxus aduncus, Jurine.
2. ,, trigonellus, O. F. Müller.
3. „ hastatus, Sars.
Chydorus, Leach.
| 1. Chydorus sphaericus, O. F. Müller.