Very dissiuiiliir to the other Tasmanian species, being robust, rigid, 3-3 feet high, and bearing n very dense
globose capitulum the size of a marble. Culms compressed, rigid, leafless, sbeathed at the base, witli a pungent
apes. Spikelets extremely numerous and very densely packed, of six to eight broad, concave, blunt, striated, pale-
brown scales. Siamens and stigmas three.
7. I so lep is se ta c ea (Br. Prodr. 222) ; pusilla, culmis setaceis striatis basi monophyllis, spiculis
1 -3 ovatis lateralibus v. termiualibus, squamis acutis carinatis 2-3-andris, nuce globosa, longitudinaliter
sulcata, stigmatibus 2 -3 .—Kunth, En. 193. I. margaritifera, Nees, in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vi. 46.
{Gunn, 421. 976.)
H a b . Probably commou in marshy places, but I have seen no specimens but those from Penquite,
Gunn.— (Fl. Nov.)
D is t k ib . Extratropical Australia, South Africa, India, temperate and warm Europe and Asia.
Culm capillary, two or four inches high. Leaves short, veiy slender. Spikelets short, one to three, sometimes,
especiaUy when solitary, abnost terminal. Scales six or eight, acute, keeled, nnd striate. Nut globose,
deeply grooved, whitish or brown.
S. I so lep is S avian a (Schult. Mant. ii. 63) ; culmis setaceis subcapillaribusve basi monophyllis,
spiculis 1 -3 ovatis, squamis 3-andris obtusis carinatis sulcato-uervosis, nuce late obovata compressa obtuse
trigona albav. pallide fusca creberrirae punctata (asperula).—Kunth, En. ii. 193. Scirpus Savii, Spr. Syst.
Veg. i. 207; Eng. Bot. Suppl. t. 27S2. {Gunn, 421.)
H a b . Abundant in moist, sandy, aud marshy places.— (Fl. all summer.) (r. v.)
D is t r ib . Extratropical Australia, Europe, Canary Islands, and North Africa. (A native of England.)
!ily specimens agree perfectly with European ones. Very similar to /. setacea, being pale-green, and having,
like it, often but one almost terminal spikelet ; also most nearly allied to I. pygmeea, but that has a smaUer, triquetrous,
more minutely puuctulate nut.— Culms 1-3 inches high, very slender, with one leaf at the base. Spikelets
one to three, smaU, inch long, of six to eight ovate, blunt, concave, bluntly keeled, deeply striate or gi-ooved
scales. Nut compressed, obovate, obtusely tbiee-angled, white or gi-ey-brown, deeply punctate so as to look rough,
its surface gUstening aud iridescent.
9. I so lep is ca r tila g ín ea (Br. Prodr. 222) ; culmis basi foliatis dense cæspitosis foliisque crassiusculis
rigidis erectis, spiculis 3 -6 (rarius solitariis) lateralibus sæpe involucratis, squamis 3-andris navicularibus
profunde carinatis lateribus impressis sulcato-nervosis inferioribus mucronatis, nuce elliptica v. oblonga
obtuse trigona punctulata.—Fl. N. Zeal. i. 2 7 1 ; Nees in Plant. Preiss. ii. 73. I. Bergiana,
Schultes, Mant. iii. 532 ; Kunth, En. ii. 194.
Var. a ; culmis rigidiusculis 1-4-pollicaribus, spiculis 4 -6 , squamarum lateribus purpureis. {Gunn,
582.) (Ta b . CXLV. A.)
Var. 0 ; culmis rigidiusculis 1-4-pollicaribus, spiculis 2 -3 , squamis pallide viridibus.
Var. 7 ; culmis gracilibus subsetaceis, spiculis 1-.3, squamis pallidis. {Gunn, 421?) (T a b . CXLV.
B.)
IIab. Abundant in sandy and moist places, the varieties apparently growing intermixed.— (Fl. Oct.-
Dec.) {v. V.)
D is t r ib . Extratro])ical Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.
A veiy well marked species in its common form of a short, rigid, robust, cæspitose plant, 3 inches high,
with several lateral, often involúcrate spikelets of deejily keeled, shining, navicular, sulcate scales, and with a palc-
brown, elliptic-oblong, bluntly trigonous, not compressed, minutely puuctulate nut ; but the culms are sometimes
slender and setaceous, like those of 1. Saviana and setacea ¡ the scales, though constant in general characters, are
often wholly yellow-green ; the spikelets are sometimes solitaiy, and have no involucre-like elongated scale at the
base. Swan River specimens are sometimes 5 inches high, with much larger spikelets. Young nuts arc white,
and acutely trigonous. New Zealand specimens are sometimes diandrous. Between the South African and Tasmanian
individuals there is no difference whatever. This is certainly Brown’s /. cartilaginea, though the nuts are
but very minutely puuctulate, not “ scabriusculis,” as described in the ‘ Prodromus,’ a character which better agrees
witb /. iimfawa.-PLATE CXLV. A. and B. Vars, a and y. Fig. 1, spikelet; 2, scale and flower; 3, nut:—«7/
10. Iso lep is riparia (Br. Prodr.); culmis cæspitosis basi uuifoliis v. vaginatis subsetaceis capillaribusve,
spicula solitaria laterali v. terminali brevi ovata pauciflora, squamis 5 - 8 late ovatis obtusis subcari-
natis triandris, nuce late obovata triquetra lævi subtilissime punctulata, stigmatibus 3 .— I. clilorostachya,
Nees, fid. Herb. Reg. Berol. I. pygmæa, Kunth, En. ii. 191. {Gunn, 421, 1421, 1422. 1428 1445 )
(T a b . CXLV. C.)
H a b . Abundant in wet banks, ditches, rivers, marshes, etc.— (Fl. all the year.)
D is t r ib . Extratropical Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, South America.
Best distinguished by the veiy slender, often capillaiy culms, soHtary, very smaU, lateral, or rarely terminal
spikelet, of few. broad, blunt, scarcely keeled scales, and by the smaU, broadly obovate, compressed, triquetrous nut,
which is smooth or very minutely puuctulate.— 1-4 inches high, sometimes, when grooving in shaded woods,
6 inches, and then quite capiUaiy, short and more rigid in alpine localities. Spikelets rarely terminal, i-Jg- inch
long, pale yellow-green or chesnnt-brown on the sides of the scales.—P late CXLV. C. Fig. 1, spikelet ; 2, scale
and flower ; 3, nut :—all magnified.
Gen. IX. SCIRPUS, j;.
sus apicem culmi solitariæ aggrcgatæ v. paniculatæ ; squamis undique imbricatis, plerisque
floriferis. Setæ hypogynæ squainis breviores. Nux compressa v. trigona, stylo deciduo basi non incras-
sato.—Culmi ereeti, roiugti, ehngati, dmplices, e rhieomate cram -, foliis gramineis vaginxformilus v. nullis;
spiculis magnis.
The species of Seirpm are Hot numerous, but scTeral are found in all temperate aird many tropical parts of
the globe, rill are tall, water or marsh plants, with creeping rhizomes, and stout, erect, simple) generally leafy or
loaJess culms, bearing tbe ruHorescence below the apes. About sis Ausmhaii species are knorni, nil of them
natives of other countries.—Spikelets large, sobtary, aggregate or panieled; scales numerous, imbricated on all sides.
rVai with hypogynous bristles. (Name supposed to be thnt used by tbe Greeks for this or some other marsh plant.)
1. Scirp us tr iq u e te r (Linn. Mant. 29) ; culmo triquetro basi 1-2-pliyllo, foliis acute carinatis,
spiculis lateralibus solitariis y. dense glomeratis ovatis, squamis aristatis vel mueronatis apice fimbriatis.-)
Br. Trodr. 223 ; Bug. Bot. 169-1 ; Fl. N. Zeal. i. 269. ( Ounn, 1402.)
H a b . Near Hobarton, in brackish water, and probably elsewhere, commonly.— (Fl. Nov.) (n. n.)
D is t iu b . Extratropical Australia, New Zealand, Europe, and North Africa, and other temperate and
subtropical countries.
Culms 2-3 feet high, slender, trigonous, channelled clown the frout, with one or two trigonous leaves at their
base. Spikelets one or more, 4-1 inch long, ovate, dark red-bvown. Scales membranous, oblong or ovate-lauceo-
late, usually biful at the apex, the lowest broadest, with a green mucro, the upper aristate, most of them fimbriate
at the margin. Nut broadly oblanceolate or fusifonu. Stigmas two or three. Seta three, louger than the uut,
beset with strong recurved bristles. Stamens with a rough terminal mucro.
2. S cirp us maritimus (Linn. Sp. Fl. i. 74) ; culmo triquetro folioso, foliis gramineis culmum su-
peiantibus, spiculis subcorymbosis sessilibus pedunculatisque, involucro polyphyllo, squamis scariosis bifidis
integerrimisve, nuce trigona.—.5/-. Prodr. 224; Eng. Bot. t. 542 ; Fl. N. Zeal. i. 268. {Gunn 419 )
VOL. II.