P la t e CXXXIII. J . Fig. 1, flower; 2 ant! 3, front and back view of stamens; 3, transverse section of ovary :
—all magnified.
6 . D ian e lla A r ch e r i (Hook, fil.); 1-2-pedalis, foliis radicalibus late et longe ensiformibus (1 unc.
latis) margine revolutis carinaque serrulatis, pauicula parce ramosa, pedunculis pedicellisque curvis, floribus
campanulatis, sepalis interioribus late oblongis, filamentis crassis elongatis anthera multo longioribus 3
exterioribus sepalis semiadnatis, baccis oblongis. (T a b . CXXXIII. B.)
H a b . Cheshunt, Archer.
A remarkably distiiict-looking species, most siinüar to D. Tasmanica, witli which it agrees in foliage, but it is
smaller, with a less-branched panicle, larger campanulate flowers, very much broader segments of the perianth, nnd
large oblong beriy. The filaments are long and stout, but not so thickened upwards as in D. Tasmanica, and the
outer series are adnate for half their length to the sepals.
P l a t e CXXXIII. B. Fig. 1 , flow e r; 2 , o u te r s ep al a n d s tam e n ; 3 , in n e r s e p a l; 4 , in n e r s tam e n ; 5, o v a iy ;
6, beiTV; 7, s e e d :—all magnified.
Gen. X. XANTHOEEHCEA, Smith.
Flores multibraefceati, iu spicam ameiitiformem densissime congesti. Ferianthium 6 -partitum, foliolis
basi conniventibus, interioribus concavis. Stamina 6, basi perianthii inserta; filamentis linearibus, glabris,
exsertis; antheris versatilibus. Ovarium 3-loculare; stylo erecto trisulco; stigmate simplici. Capsula
ovata, lignea, trilocularis, loculicide trivalvis; loculis polyspermis. Semina pauca, compvessa; testa atra,
Crustacea, umbilico nudo; albumine carnoso; embryone transverso. — perennes, habitu proprio ;
trunco s,ibnullo v. erecto, subarhoreo, crasso ; foliis ad apicem caudicis numerosissimis effusis, longissime linearibus,
gramineis, subtriqueiris, basihits dilatatis,gjersistentibus, corticem spurium efficientibus et sapissime resina
scatentibus; scapo robusto, simplici, tereti ; floribus albis, pai~vis; bracteis unguiculatis, imbricatis ; capsulis
exsertis, hrunneis, nitidis.
One of the most remarkable of Australian genera, some species of which are well known to the colonists as
“ Black-boys.” One of the larger species, with tall, erect tranks, occurs in Tasmania, where the dwarf kinds are
move abundant. Brown enumerates seven species, all natives of the eastern and south-eastern shores of Australia
or of Tasmania, and several others are described from the Swan River Colony. In all, the bases of the leaves are
persistent, and form a more or less complete spurious bai k to the tnmk; they are further, in some species, cemented
together by a copious exudation of rich, red-brown, fragrant resin.—Leaves very numerous, effuse, narrow-linear,
pendulous from beyond the middle. Flowers collected into dense cylindrical spikes, 6 inclies to 2 feet long,
sessile, bracteate. Perianlh of six obovate, rather coriaceous or scarious leaflets. Stamens inserted at the base of
the perianth, with long, exserted filaments, and versatile anthers. Ovary tlivee-celled, with many ovules, and a
long, straight style. Capsules woody, shining, protruding from the amentum, three-celled, three-valved, few-seeded.
Seeds with a black testa. (Name from ¿avíos, yellow, and pctu, tofiow; in aUusion to the gum.)
1. Xan tio rr lio e a au stra lis (Br. Prodr. 28 8 ); trunco arborescente (1-2-pedali ?), foliis ancipiti-
bus, scapo amento elongato breviore, bracteis fascículos subteiideutibus elongatis.—Kunth, Bn. iv. 649.
{Gann, 953.)
H a b . Northern coast of Tasmania: Rocky Cape to Detention River, and Asbestos Hills, Gunn.—
(Fl. Oct., Nov.)
D is t r ib . Victoria.
Trunk, according to Gunn, never in Tasmania exceeding 2 feet high. Leaves 2-8 feet long, slightly scabrous.
Scapes very variable in length, from a few inches to 4 feet liigii, robust. Spikes a foot or two long. Flowers opening
first on tlie sunny side of tbe spike.—The aborigines used to eat tbe centre of the stem and bases of the young
leaves, which have a nutty flavour, but are not palatable.
2. Xan th o h a s tilis (Br. Prodr. 288) ; trunco arboreo ramoso (6 -pedali), foliis extra medium
triquetris, scapo amentum longissimum vix æquante, bracteis periantliiisque imberbibus.—Kunth, Bn. iv.
649. {Gunn, MSS., 630, exempt, nullum.)
H a b . Flinders’ Island, Gunn.
D is t r ib . New South Wales and Victoria.
I have seen no Flinders’ Island specimens of this plant, which has not yet been fomid on the mainland of
Tasmania. According to Gunn, it attains about 6 feet in heiglit, and is very irregularly branched ; it yields a great
quantity of resin.—Scape vaiying from 4-6 feet long.
3. Xan th o rrhoea minor (Br. Prodr. 288) ; acaulis, foliis infenie ancipitibus ultra medium triquetris,
junioribus antice concavis, scapis plurimis 1-3-pedalibus, amentis 4-10-uncialibus, bracteis fascículos
subtendeiitibus fioribus æquantibus, omnibus periantliiisque imberbibus v. apicibus foliolorum parce pilosis.
—Kunth, En. iv. 649. {Gunn, 764.)
Hab. Abundant; covering large tracts of ground near Yorktown and east of Georgetown; top of
Grasstree Hill, near Hobarton.— (Fl. Dec.) {v. v.)
D is t r ib . New South Wales and Victoria.
I refer this with some doubt to Brown’s X. minor, the descriptions being iiisnfficient to identify the plant. It
is a small stemless species, wldcli, unlike its Tasmanian congeners, sends up numerous flowering scapes from each
head of leaves. Mr. Gunn further remarks that it appears to flower only occasionally, the flowers being abimdant
in one year, and very few having been found in the same place in the following season. It often covers the gi'ound
to the exclusion of everything else, and the country appears white from the abundance of its flowering stems.
Gen. XI. LAXMANNIA, Br. -
/ ’/om capitati, multibracteati. Ferianthium 6 -pliyllum, persistens; foliolis basi conniventibus, exterioribus
scariosis. Stamina 6 ; filamentis subulatis, glabris, foliolis perianthii insertis ; antheris subrotuudis,
peltatis. Ovarium 3-ioculare; stylo filiformi, cum ovario articulato; stigmate simplici; ovulis paucis, am-
phitropis. Capsula perianthio inclusa, 3-locularis, loculicide 3-valvis. Semina 1 -2, peltata, umbilico
nudo; testa atra, Crustacea; embryone dorsali.—Herbæ perennes, fa c ie Polycarpææ; radice fibrosa; caulibus
brevibus v. elongatis et ramosis, fo lia tis ; foliis aceroso-filformibus, confertis ; stipulis basi vaginatis,
vaginis ciliatis ; co.f.ivAo peduncnlalo, muUibracteato ; floribus joaw/s, unibracteatis, albis purpureisve.
A veiy vcinavkable genus, dissimilar in habit from any of the above. About ten species are known, all of
them exelnsively Australian except L. minor, and most of them inhabitants of the south-west quarter.—Stems
tufted, short or elongate, wiry and much branched. Leaves all radical, or, in the branched species, collected in
fascicles on the stems, linear, aceróse or subulate, with scarious, often ciliated, membrauous, silveiy, sti¡iulary
sheaths at the base. Flowers in long scapes, densely capitate, snn-onndcd by imbricating bracts ; tbe bracts and
outer leaflets of tlie periantli scarions. 6, inserted on the perianth ; subulate, glabrous ; anthers
snnill, versatile. Ovanj three-celled, with few ovules, a straight slender style jointed on the ovary and simple
stigma. Capside three-celled, with few seeds; testa black.—'I'lie L. minor is a small, tufted plant, looking something
like a matted gi'ass, with numerous, slender, branching stems, bearing at intervals tufts of six to eight aceróse,
recurved leaves; these arc è - l j inch long, rigid, terete, acute, surrounded at the base by silveiy, ciliate scales.
Heads offiowers sessile in the tufts of leaves, very minute, with many scarious, ovate-lanceolate, sheathing bracts,
the outer white and ciliated, often silvery, the inner longer, often purple. Flowers about ^ inch long, variable in
length, each with a sheathing, appressed bract. Outer segments of perianth ovate-oblong or oblong-lanccolate,
hardly acute, but appearing acuminate from tbe involute margins, generally pale red-puqile ; inner leaflets mucli
smaller, oblong, membranous. Stamens of outer series inserted at the base of the outer lesflets ; of the inner, half