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P l a t e LXXVI.
TUPiDUS GYMNOPHTIIALMUS,
(NUAKED-ETED THEUSH).
Turdus nudigenis
Tu rdu s gymnopsis
Cab. in Suhoinb. Guiau. iii. p. 665 (1848).
Se la ter, P.Z.S. 1859, p. 329, e t Ca t. Am. B. p. 4.
Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1848, p . 4.
Leo tau d , Oia. T riu . p. 201.
Temm. Mu s. Lu g d .
Bp . Consp. p, 272 (1850).
Supra-fuscescenti-cineraceus oliváceo v is tin c tu s : o rb itis la te nu d is : su b tiis sordide ciueraeeus ; g u ttu r e albescente,
fusco s tria to ; ven tre medio e t crisso albis ; su b a larib u s p aü id è cinnamomeis ; ro s tro flavo, ad basin fu scescoute ; p edibus
co ry lin is: long, to tâ 9 0, alæ 4 5, caudæ 3 '8 , ta rs i 1.2.
R a b . Venezuela in viciu. u rb is Caraccas {Sallé) : in s . T r in ita tis {Leotaud) : Tobago {K irh ) : G u ian â B rit.
{Schomburgk) : Su rin am {R e r in g , in BIus. Acad. P b il.) : Nov. G ra n ad a in t. (Mus. G. N . Laicrence).
For our first knowledge o f this Thrush we are also indebted to the exertions of
Dr. Richard Schomhurgk, ivho obtained it during his travels in British Guiana iu 1840-44.
In his description o f these specimens Dr. Cabanis informs us that the Berlin Museum possesses
examples o f tlie same species from Cayenne, La G uayra, and Caraccas. About the same period,
specimens from the latter locality reached the well-known French Ornithologist, the late
Baron F. de Lafresnaye, who described the species as Turdus nudigenis. Though Lafresnaye
does not mention this fact, ive believe that these skins were collected (along with those of
Turdus atrosericGUS and T. olivater, described in the same article) by M. Auguste Salic, on the
mountain ridge between La Guayra and Caraccas. Two years suhsequcntly Prince Bonaparte
gave the species the third name o f Turdus gtjmnopsis—a manuscript term, which had been attached
to specimens o f it in the Leyden Museum by Temminck. Prince Bonaparte gives its locality as
“ Brazil,” but we do not believe it really occurs so far south in America. The only continental
localities for it we can add to those already enumerated, are Surinam and the interior o f New
Granada. From the fonner country, specimens have been sent by Mv. Ilcring to the Museum
o f the Academy o f Natural Sciences o f Philadelphia; and from the latter i l r . George N.
Lam-ence, of New York, has received skins o f undoubted “ Bogota” make. Besides this it
certainly occurs in the islands o f TVinidad and Tobago. Li tbe latter island, Mr. Kivlc obtained
it, and sent examples to Sir W. Jardine. In Trinidad, M. Leotaud tells us, it is common
everywhere, and permanently resident ; being, however, most frequently met ivith iu the
vicinity o f habitations. It feeds in flocks, principally on berries, and in the evening makes its
i f