i il
BYS CAD
Bi-STKOPOGON, Wild, The word alludes to the throat
ot the corolla being closed bv hairs, and derived
trom byo, to close, and poi^ouy beard. Linn. 14, Or.
1, A a t . Or. Labiat(£. The species are ornamental,
and thrive best in a mixture of loam and peat;
and cuttings put in sand or soil root readily.
canariGnsis . . . Pa. pur. . 7, G. Ev. S. Canaries
onganifftllus . . Pa. pur. . 7, a Ev. S. Canaries
plumosus . . . Pa. pur. . 6, G. Ev. S. Canaries
puuctatas . . . Pa, pur. . 8, G Ev. S. Madeira
i r i 4
1015
1779
1775
BYT C A J
B y t t n e r i a , Loeffiing. In memory of S. A. Buttner,
a proiessor at Gottingen. Linn. 5, Or. 1, Nat . Or
Sterculiacea. The species are not very interesting:
ior culture, &c., see Commersonia. Synonyme - I.
Commersonia dasyphylla.
dasyphyUa. 1 . . wiiite". . 6, G. Ev. S. V. D. L.
hermannifüllä . . Q. N Holl
1780
microphyllä . . Wht. pur S. Ev. S. S. Ainer
1823
1816
seabrä . . . . Purple . 7, S. Ev. S. W. Ind.
1793
caialpccföltä, cordätäj grandiföliä, herbäcM.
c .
CACÄLIÄ, Linn, Named from kakos, pernicious,
and Han, exceedingly. Linn. 19, Or. J, Nat.
Or. CovipositcB. A genus remarkable for the fleshy
awkward-looking stems, and discoloured leaves of
many of the species. They grow in a mixture of
sandy loam, brick-rubbish, and decomposed dung
well reduced ; they require little water, especially
when growing, and the pots must be well drained.
Cuttings taken off, and dried for a few days to heal
t h e wound, strike readily; when sufficiently
struck, they should be potted off, using the same
kind of soil recommended for old plants, and caref
u l l y watered. Synonymes: I. Kleinia tomentosa.
2. C. tomentosa, 3. C. pugioniforinis, 4. C» macrophyllum
»
. 173.0
. 1739
. 1596
. 1815
. 1775
166»
. 1804
. 1757
. 1799
. 1823
, 1818
. 1710
1780
1795
1732
1819
1820
1834
1727
1823
IHOl
1759
1823
1816
1823
1814
1768
1762
1795
1812
. . . Wlute . . 7, H. Her. P. alpina . . . Austria . Purple . 7. H. Her. P. Austria
Anteuphôrbïûm . Yellow . 2, G. Ev. S. C. G. H.
appendiculata . . Yrllow . G.Ev. S. Teneri iFe arti culata . . . Yellow . 9, G.Ev. Ç. G. H.
atripUciföliä .
bìcòlòr , . .
. Li. pnr. . 8, H.Her.P. N. Amer.
. Purple . 7, S. De. S. E. Ind.
carnósa . « , . Yellow . 6, G. Ev. S. C. G. H.
coccïnéa . . . Or'inge . 6, H. A.
cordiföliä . , . White. . 8, H. Tu. P. Mexico 1 cylîndrïca . . . Yellow . 6, G. Ev. S. C. G. H.
ficoîdês . . . . Yellow . 8, G. Ev. S. C. G. H.
bastata . . . . Wliite . . 9. H.Her.P. Siberia
HawôrthÏÏ, 1 . . Yellow . G.Ev. S. C. G. H.
Kleînïa . . . . YeUow . 9, G. Ev. S. Canaries
leucophvlla. 2 . . Pa. vel. . 9, H. Her. P. S. Eut.
longiföh'a, 3 .
oválls . . .
. Yellow . G.Ev. S.
. Yell. w . 7, S. Ev. S. E. Ind. !
papillaris . . . . Yellow G.Ev. S. C. G. H. .
radïcàns . . . Yellow . 7. G. Ev. Cr. C. G. H. ,
renifônnïs . , , . White . . 7, H. Her. P. N, Amer.
rêpêns . . . , . Yellow . 8, G.Ev. S. C. G. H. .
reticulata . . , . Yellow . G.Ev. S. Boxubon ,
rhonibifôlïa, 4 . . . Yellow . 8, H.Her.P. Siberia ,
sagittâta . . . . Or. pur. . S. A. Java .
scândëns . . , . Or. pur. . 4, G. Ev. Tav. C. G. H. .
sonchifôlïa . , . . pink . . 7,S. A. E. Ind. .
suavëôlêns , . , . White. . 8, H. Her. P. N. Amer.
tomentosa . . . YeUow . G.Ev. S. e. G. H. .
tuberósa . . . . a H. Tu. P. N. Amer.
peUatä,_raduI(eföliä, runcinätä.
Cachrys, Linn. Not satisfactorily explained. Linn.
5, Or. 5, Nat. Or. XJmbelliferce. The species are uninteresting,
and the culture of them is easy.
Synonyme: 1. Laserpitium ferulaceum—alätä 1,
aiplnä, athamantoides, creticä, Libanötis, microcärpäy
Morisönl, odontälgicä, seseJoidBs, iaüricä.
Cactus, Linn. A name used by Theophrastus to
describe a spiny plant. Linn. 12, Or. 1, Nat. Or.
Cactacea;.^ This genus is commonly called the
melon thistle. The species are very interesting in
appearance, and variable in structure. They ?ucälbifröns
ceed best in sandy loam, mixed with brica. and
anw
lime rubbish, ^ and a l i t t l e peat, or rotten dung, at
times carefully watered. Cuttings root readify
if a l i t t l e dried before planting. Sxjnonyme: 1. C.
nobilis.
coiTugatas . . . s. Ev. S. Chile . . 1824
fnliosus. . . . S. Ev. S. Chile . .1824
reduetus, 1 , . s. Ev. S. Mexico . .1796
senHIs . . . . S. Ev. S. Mexico . .1823
Cadia, Forskahl. From the Arabic name gadhy.
Linn, 10, Or. 1, Nat . Or. Legiiminosie. This rather
curious species succeeds in light loamy soil, and
cuttings root in sand, under a glass, in heat.
Synonyme: 1. C. varia.
purpQrga, 1 . . Wht. pur. 6, S. Ev. S. Arabia . . 1775
CadCcus, falling off soon.
C^LESTINA, Cassini. Named from ccelestes, celest
i a l ; alluding to the sky-blue colour of the flowers.
Lmn. 19, Or, 1, Nat . Or. Composite. Showy species
ot easy culture, common open soil suits them;
seeds. Synonymes 1. Eupatorium cceruleum. 2.
E. micranthumi Ageratum cvelestinum,
ageratoldes . . Blue . . 8, G. Her. P. N. Spain .
c«n-t]6cl, 1 . Blue . . 7, F. Her. P. N. Amer. . 1732
micranths, 2 . . Blue . . 7, F. Ev. S. S. Amer. . 1800
C^noptkrTs, Bergius, Derived from kainos, new,
and pteris, a fern. Linn. 24, Or. 1, Nat . Or. Pohh
podiaceiB. Small interesting ferns; peat mixed
w i t h a little loam suits them, and they are chiefly
increased by divisions. Synonymes: I. Asplenium
Laxum, Darea, Appendiculata. 2. Asplenium Odontites
Darea, Odontites.
appendiculata, 1 . Brown . 7, G. Ev. S. N. Holl. . 1822
odontites, 2 . . Brown . 7, G. Ev. S. N. HoII. . 1822
C^SALPINIA, Plumier. In memory of Andreas Csesalpinus,
chief physician to Pope Clement VIII.
Linn. 10, Or. 1, Nat . Or. Leguminosce. This genus
as a whole is of considerable importance, but the
species in point of beaut y have little to recommend
t h e m ; they all grow well in sand, peat, and open
Joam mixed. C. Sappan yields the sappan wood of
I n d i a . From the seeds of C. oleosperma an oil is
expressed ; and the Brazil-wood of commerce is
obtained from the C. Brasiliensis.
bahamensis . . "White .
bijilRji . . . . Yellow
brawliensis, . . Orange
Cacalfieo . . . Yellow
cassioides . . . Yellow
eliinensis . , , Yellow
Crista . . . . mt. yel.
enneaphyllg . . Yellow
Gilliesu: . . .
mimosoides . . Yellow
mueronata . . . Yellow
Nuga . . . . Yellow
olea'^perma . , . Yellow
paniculatii . . . Yellow
procsra . . . . YeUow
punctata . . . Yellow
Sappan . . . . Yellow
scaiidens . . . Yellow
suberosa . . . Yellow
tortudsa . . . . Yellow
vesioaxia . . . Yellow
S. Ev.
S. Ev.
S. Ev.
S. Ev
S. Ev.
S. Ev.
S. Ev.
S. Ev.
S. De.
S. Ev.
S. Ev.
S. E v.
S. Ev.
S. Ev.
S. Ev.
S. Ev.
S. Ev.
S. E v.
S. Ev.
S. Ev.
S. Ev.
Bahama
Jamaica
Jamaica
Mexico .
S. Amer.
S. E. Ind. .
T. Jamaica
S. E. Ind. .
S. Mendoza
S. E. Ind. .
S. Brazil .
S. E. Ind. .
S. E. Ind. .
S. Malabar
T. Cuba .
S. Brazil .
T. E. Ind. .
CI. E. Ind. .
S. E. Ind. .
S. E. Ind. .
S. E. Ind. .
1820
1770
1739
1824
1821
1820
1816
1829
1806
1823
1801
1820
1817
1824
1820
1773
1800
1823
1820
1820
C ^ s i A , R. Brown. In honour of Frederick Caesius.
Linn. 6, Or. 1, Nat . Or. Tiliacece. A showy species,
sandy loam and peat suit it, and young plants are
obtained from seeds.
Vittata . . , .Pa. blue. . 7, G. Tu. P. N. S. W. . 1816
C^^sious, grey.
C^ESPITOSE, g rowing in little tufts.
C-^suLiA, Roxburgh. From ccesos, b e a t en ; appearing
as if trampled upon. Linn. 19, Or. 1, Nat. Oi\
CompositcB. Not interesting, culture simple. Synonyme:
1. Meyera orientalis—axillaris 1.
Cajanus, Dec. From catjang, its name in Malabar.
Linn. 17, Or. 1, Nat . Or. Leguminosce. The species
are highly useful for food in some places. They
grow well in sandy loam; and increase from seed.
T h e seed of C.JIavus is much eaten by poor people,
^ d negroes, and is esteemed a wholesome pulse.
T h e plant is cultivated in Jamaica for feeding
pigeons, whence its name; and in the island of
Martinico, even the better sort of people hold it in
estimation. Synonymes: 1. Cytisus Pseudocajan.
2. C. Cajan.
C 54 ]
CAK CAL
bïcôlôr, 1
da vu s. 2
. . Yellow . 7, S. Ev. S. E. Ind. . . 1800
. . Yellow . r, S. Ev. S. E. Ind. . . 1687
Câ k ï l ë , Tourn^ort. An Arabie term for these
plants. Linn. 15, Or. 1, Nat. Or. Crttciferoe. Annual
species of little beauty ; cultivation simple.
Synonyme: 1. Maritima sinuatifolla.
oegyptïaca, 1 . . Purple. . 7, H. A. Egypt . • ^^^
americânà . . . Pur])le. . 7, H. A. America . 1823
marïtlmâ . . . Purple. . 7» H. A. Britain . .
Calabash, see Crescëntîâ.
C a l aba t r e e , see Calophyllûm Câlâbà.
Ca l a DÉNIA, R. Brown. From kalos, beautiful, and
aden, a gland; in reference to the disc of the
labellum being finely beset wi t h glands. Linn. 20,
Or. 1, Nat. Or. Orchidaceoe. A genus ot pretty
orchideous plants, growing well in a mixtur e composed
of peat , loam, and sand in equal parts. Ihey
should be kept in a cool frame, and caretully
watered, when not in a growing state; increased
b y dividing the roots.
CAL CAL
alata .
alba .
cserüléa
cârnéâ
testaeéâ
•White
Blue
Flesh
6, F. Ter.
7, F. Ter.
Ter.
Ter.
Ter.
N. Holl.
N. Holl.
N. Holl.
N. Holl.
N. Holl.
1823
1810
1804
1826
1824
F
7, F
7, F
CaladïC-m, Ventenat. Meaning not explained. Linn.
21, Or. 9, Nat. Or. Araccoe. The species of this
genus are interesting on account of having singul
a r l y spotted stems,' and pretty neat, often green
foliage. Several grow best in water, and the
whole grow well if planted in rich soil, and may
be propagated from tubers. C. seguinum is a
n a t i v e of the W. Indies and S. America, and
called the dumb-cane, and grows five or six feet
high. This plant has the power, when chewed, ot
swelling the tongue, and destroying the power of
speech. Dr. Hooker gives an account of a gardener
who incautiously bit a piece of the dumb-cane,
when his tongue swelled to such a degree, that he
could not move It, h e became utterly incapable of
speaking, and was confined to the house for several
davs ; he also adds, that it is said to impart an indelible
stain to linen.—iJa?. Bot P. Brown states,
t h a t its stalk is employed to bring sugar to a good
grain when it is too viscid, a»d cannot be made to
g r a n u l a t e properly by the application of lime alone
Synonymes
folium
Calamiformk, reed or quill-shaped.
Cai^mint, see Calamintha.
Calamintha, Pursh. From kalosy beautiful, and
minthay mint. Linn. 14, Or. Nat. Or. Labiatce.
T h e species of this genus have little to recommend
t h e m ; all that can be said is, that they are ornamental
; they grow without difficulty in common
loamy soil, and are increased by suckers. Synompnes:
1. Thymus caroliniana. 2. Melissa grandijiora.
3. Nepeta marifoUa. 4. Melissa Nepeta. 5.
M. calamintha. Thymus Cdlaminth<L.
albfi White . . 7, H. Her.
•caroliniana, 1 . . Flame . . 6, H. Her.
cretica . . . . Purple . 6, F, Ev.
fruticosa . . . Purple . 8, F. Ev
grandiflora, 2 . . Red . . 7, H. Her.
variegilta . . Red . . 7, H. Her.
marifOliS, 3 . . Purple . 6, H. Her.
Nepeta, 4 . . . Blue . . 8, H. Her.
vulgaris, 5 . . . Red . . 7, H. Her.
CALAMPiiLis, D. Hon.
p r e t t y , and ampelis
P. Hungrily
P. Carolina
S. S. Eur. .
S. Spain .
Italy .
1818
1804
1596
1752
1596
1788
1. Arum cuculla turn
3. C. seguinum maculatum.
5. Arum virginicum. 6.
A. grandi-
C. grandixanthorhi
S. Ev. s. W. Ind. . 1759
S. Ev. s. Cumana . 1820
S. Ev. s. America . 1739
s. Her. P. Madeira • 1773
s. Ev. s. China . . 1826
S. Her. p. Guiana . 1800
s. Her. p. America . 1739
Parasite. Demerara. , 1832
S. Ev. s. Caraccas . , 1803
S.
S.
Ev. s. Caraccas .. 1796
Ev. s. Caraccas , . 1822
S. Her. p. W. Ind. . . 1828
s. Ev. s. S. Amer. , . 1820
s . Her. p. E. Ind. , . 1800
s. Her. p. Pegu . . 1818
s . Her. p. E. Ind. . 1818
s. Her. p. Brazil . . 1824
s. Her. p. Caraccas . 1817
s . Her. p. Nepal . . 1820
s. Her. p. W. Ind. . 1710
s. Her. p. Guinea . 1822
. s. Ev. s. America . 1759
, s. Ev. Cl
s. Ev, s. Caraccas . 1816
, H.. Her,, p. Virifinia . 1759
, s. Her, . p. E. Ind. . 1817
s. Ev. s. . 1822
s . Her. . p. Brazil .
Taken : from calamos, a
fotium
zurru
arborSscens ' . Whi te. .
arbòrèitm . . . White . .
auritiim . . . Whi te. .
bìc'òlòr . . . . White . .
cucullatum, 1 . . Green . .
edule . . . . White. .
esculentum . . White. .
fragrantissimiim . Red . •
grandifòlìum, 2 . White . .
helleborifOlIum . White. .
lacSriim . . . Whi te. .
lividum . . . . Dingy . .
maculatCm, 3. . Green . .
nvnaphaìifòlìùm . White . .
oàorstum . . . Wliite. .
ovatum . . . . "White . .
pedatam . . . Whi te. .
pinnatìfidùm . . Whi te. .
pùmìlum . . . White. .
sagittifòllum . . Whi te. .
scandéns . . . Whi te. .
seguinum . • . White. .
SimsTi, 4 . . . White. .
tripartitum . . Whi te. .
virf^nnlcunx, 5 . .
vivipariim . . . Green . .
xanthorhlziim, 6 . White . .
zaniisefólium . . Yellow .
Calamagrostis, Adanson.
reed, and agrostisy grass. Linn. 3, Or. 2, Nat . Or.
Graminece. Mere weeds of simple culture. Synonymes:
Ì. Arundo epigqjos. 2. A. Psevdophragmites.
3Ì C. sylvatica. 4. Arundo Cala.magrostis. 5. Agrostis
Calarnagrostis. 6. Arundo strida. 7« C. arundinacea.
8. Arundo humilis—acutiJlOrày conflnU,
^usa l.glaUcày Halleridnà 2, HOstil 3, lanceolata 4:,
LangsdOrfUy laxa, litiàrèà, montana y speciGsà 5,
strida 6, strigósà, sylvàticà 7> tenéllà 8, vària.
C a l a m a r i ^ , plants resembling reeds.
[ 55 J
Spain .
England .
England
Compounded from kalosy
a vine, its habit of growth
b e i n g ' t o ramble'like that plant. Linn. 14, Or. 2,
Nat. Or. Big^noniacem. This is a species of great
m e r i t , capable of endur ing the open air; when m
f u l l flower it has an elegant appearance; the situation
for it is against a south wall, trained up a
pillar, over a vase, &c. Any light loamy soil suits
i t ; and young plants from cut t ings are readily obtained.
Syiionyme: Eccremocarpus scahSr.
scabra, 1 . ! . Orange . 7, F. Ev. CI. Chile . . 1824
Calamus, Linn. Taken from kalam, signifying a
r e e d , in Arabic- Linn. 6, Or, 1, Nat. Or. PalmacecB.
This is a fine genus, holding a middl e station
between the grasses and palms, wi t h the habit ot
t h e former and inflorescence of the latter They
succeed best in a moist atmosphere in rich sandy
loam, and are increased by seed. The resin called
dragon's-blood is obtained by wounding C. Draco,
a zalacca is cul t ivated for its fruit, whi c h is about
t h e size of a walnut, and covered with scal es like
those of a lizard; within these scales are two or
t h r e e sweet yellow kernels.
albOs Palm. E. Ind. . . 1812
DrTo . . . . Palm. E. Ind. . .1819
nwr Green. Palm. E. Ind. . . 1824
rTilentum . . . .Green. . Palm. E. Ind. . . 1812
^yrixs Green . . Palm. Cochin China 1824
Zalacca. . . . . Green. . Palm. E. Ind. . . 18-12
CALANDRimX, Humboldt and Bonpland. In honour of
J . L. Calandrini, a German botanist. Linn. 11,
Or, 1, Na t Or. Portulacacece. The species of this
genus are very pretty, and grow well in loam and
peat carefully incorporated; multiplied from seeds
or cuttings. Synonymes: 1. Talinum ciliatum. 2.
T. paniculatum.
Or. red . 7, H.
Her. P.
Purple . S.
Her. P.
Purple . 8, S.
A
Rose . . Her. P.
Purple . Her. P.
Purple . Her. P,
Purple . 6.H. Her. P,
arenSrïà .
asptndëns .
ciliâtS, 1 .
dlscölör. .
grandiflora .
paniculätä, 2
speciósa .
CALANTHÌÌ,
ant hos y a
Valpar..
Brazil .
Chile .
Chile .
Chile .
S. Amer.
California
1831
R. Brown.
H,1823
1834
1826
1816
1831
7, G.
7, S.
7, S.
6, H
F r om kalosy beautiful, and
flower; literally a pretty blossom."
Linn. 20, Or. 1, Nat. Or." Orchidaceoi. This is a
genus of very pret t y plants when in flower. They
require a light airy part of the house, otherwise
the flowers will not open freely, nei ther will their
colour be so good. The plants must never be
s a t u r a t e d wi t h water; in every other respect they
r e q u i re the same treatment as is recommended for
t h e Bletias,
Yellow . G. Ter.
Yelsh. . 9, S. Ter.
White . . G. Ter.
White . . G. Ter.
S. Ter.
White . . 4, S. Ter.
bicölör .
densïflôr»
discülór .
fiircät.i .
Siebôldïï
veratrifüllá
•Tapan
E. Ind. i
Japan
Luzon Is.
E. Ind. .
Java . .
1837
1837
1837
1836
1837
1819
CALATHiiA, Meyer. The name applies to the form of
t h e stig-ma, and is derived fr(»m kalathos, a basket
or cup. Li7tn. 1, Or. 1, Na t . Or. Marantacea. The
plants of this genus are interesting and ornainental.
C. zebrina is muc h admired on account of
t h e stripes on the leaves, which resemble the
marks on a zebra's back; whence the specific
name. They grow well in the stove, in sandy