t)lil III
S P H SP H
appearance of the truncate extremities ot the
fronds. Linn. 24, Or. 7, Nat . Or. Aigis. These species
are found in the ocean, on the sea-shore, óre.--
S . cirrhOsd, C. palenñssiiuá, distUhày MerUnsM,
vlumOsàyracemOsayràdlcans.scoipCirià,
SpHriíRALCiÍA, St. Hilaire. From sphaira, a ohe, and
alcea, marsh-mallow. The carpels are disposed in
a round head. Linn. 16, Or. 8, Nat. Or. Malvace^.
Ornamentai plants. For culture and propag^ation,
see the greenhouse species of Malva. Synon^nesj
1 Malva cbutihides. 2. M. angustifohn. à. M.
carolinìanfiy Modiola caroliniana. 4. ili. decumbens,
Modiola decumbens. 6. M. elegans. 6. M. obtusüoba.
7 . M. prostrate, Modiola f,rostrata. 8. M. umbellata.
1725
S P H S P H S P H S P I S P I
S P I
abuViloîdës, 1
migv.stifôlïa, 2
cnToliniänS, 3
decumbens, 4
ëlégâns, 5
obtusïlôbâ, 6 .
prosträt>l> 7 •
umbtíllñtii, 8 .
Purple
Pink .
Dk. red
Red .
Red .
Purple
Red .
Violet .
8, G. Ev. S. Daliamas
8, G. Ev. S. Mexico. . 1780
8, H. A. N. Amer. . 1723
4, G. Her. P. S. Amer. .1815
7, G. Ev. S. C. G. H. . 1791
7, G. Ev. S. Chile , . 1827
7 H. A. Brazil . . 1806
4, S. Ev. S. N.Spain . 1814
SpHi^ERANTHUS, Liiiu. From a globe, and
a flower; alluding to the globular heads ot
riovvers. Linn. 10, Or. 1, Nat. Or. ComvosUoe.
Stove plants, not wor t h growing—S. cfncaiius, lnr~
i Fr om sphaira, a globe ; thei r shape.
' Linn. 24, Or . 9, Na t . Or. Ftmgi^ An extensive
ffenus of verv minut e plants, found at seasons on
a var iet y of decayed substances, as on the leaves and
t r u n k s of trees, honeysuclde leaves, hr cones,_&c.
—S. acervâtà, aciiminâtâ, acUtà, ^gopôdn, affiiiîs,
Mâcëây ambiënsy Angëlîcoe, anserïnCi, aqinJoUa,
aqxiilây arbiiticôlâ, artôcrëdSy arundinâcëa,^ aspèra,
ittropurpîirëà, atrovirëns, AvelUn^yanrantia, aUvëa.
Berbëridis, bifôrmUy bïfrôns, bombaula, botyyGsà,
íseroeruiijs, uijumi-to, ''j',;" _'» « 'i
Brassìc(È, brunnèOlà, bullàta, byssisèda, calva, ^auBscSiis,
cavitata, carpOphUà, ce.ratcspSrmà, ceuthocarpà,
ceuthosporoldèsy cinnabarìnà, cirrhùsà, citnnà, clyvedtà,
coccìnéà, cohcèrBns, cornata, co^nplanatà, concentrica,
convSrgSns, corjiicólà, cormcuhUa, coronata,
Córylz, crinltà, culrnifràgà, cupnlarìs, curvirOsira,
De-imtìum, denstà, Didnthi, digitata, dioica, discifOnnìs,
discütiéns, ditOpà, domiUm,dothidea, duplex,
elUptìcà, elongatà, EmpStrl, enteroleucà,
ioyncrrhizà, excipumrmìs,favacéa,ferruginèa,Jibra.
sà, filicina, fimbriata, fimètl, Jlavovirens, fragifOrmìs,
frondìcOlà,fuliginOsà, furfuracm.fnsca,jelatznosà,
gnomon, gracilis, GràmhiU, gyrüsa, Hed^rWj
hedericolà, herbarìlm, hirsil-tà, híspida, HookSrz,
fwpodSrmicà, hypoxxjlün, Injstrìx, Ilifis, t7nmSrsa_,
inguìnans, inquilM, irregularis, juglandts, Jilncz,
Kerriie, Laburni, laid, leiphcèmia, leucostòmà, lignaria,
lirBllà, livida, longìssimà, LónicSrS, maculai;
fOrmis, malOrfim, mammcpfOrmis, melogramma, microscòvicà,
militaris,millepunctata, milliaria, morv
fOrmis, multiformis, myriocampa, nebulosa, niduld,
nigrellà,ntvèa, nucida, nummuldria, obdilcSns, obturata,
ocellata, ochracSa, ophioglossotdés, ostruthn,
ovtnà, pelma, petiolOrüm, Pcztza, pilifèra, ptlOsa,
PinastT^, Pisi, Platasca, polymOrpha, pomifOrmts,
populma, profusa, pruinosa, Prunastri, pulchelUupnlve%
cèa, pelvis, pyrlnüs, punctatus, punctifOrmis,
quaternati querclnà, RacOdlüm, ramOsà, recuUtra,
lelicma, mms,rosma,rostelìata, rubsm,rtibzgznOsa,
riidis.rüfd, solicslia, salicind, sanguznèa, S.^czcatrzciìm,
scirpicOlà, scrophuldricè, semi'immSrsu, sepincOia
sSrÌSns, setdcéà, Soldnz, SOrbz, sordaina, spermoldès,
splmrocèphaia, spinosa, stelluldta, stilbostóma,
stri^eformis, strigOsa, sirobllind, stygm^a, succen^
iurìata, Tamia, Tamarischms, Taxi Tili^Trirfn,
trUtis, tubcrfOrmis, fida, uinbrlnà, undula a, ì^ccznn,
velata, verruccpfOrmìs, verrucosa, vzbratzlis, Yuccoi.
SPH^KÒB5..US, Tode. From sphaira a, globe, and
to eject ; the plant
a spherical sporangium. Linn. 24, Or. 9, Nat. Oi.
Fungi. Found in autumn, on dead wood, shavings,
s a w d u s t , &c—S . s t e l l a t ú s . .
SPH^ROCÁBPÜS, Michaux. From sphazra a g ohe
and karpos, a fruit; the seed-vessel is globular.
S i 24, o i 6, N a t . Or. Hepaticce. This species is
found dur ing winter, in damp places-S. terrestns.
SPHLKOOÓCCÜS, ^^«R^/. . From spkaira, a GL^E and
kokkos, fruit; the checa is round. Lznn. 24, Or. /,
Nat. dr. Alga. The species of Sphcsrococcus are
fbund in the ocean, and on the sea-shore. Syzionvme:
3. Chondria pusilla—S. aciculdris, Brodi^l,
cartilagrnms, confervazdäs, C. älbidus, C. geniculdtus,
C. procSrrimus, cOrnSus, C. clavdtus 1, C. clavzj^r,
C. nereidms, C. pinnätvs, C. pulchSllüs, coronopzfölivs,
crispüs, gigartlnfis, Grifflthsi<x, lichenoides,
mammiUOsüs, membranifOHns, norvSgicus, plzcdtus,
purpuräscBns, rztbens, Teediz.
SPII^ROLÖBTÜM, S7nith. From sphazra, a sphere, ^ Ü
lobos, a pod; the pods are sphericaU Lziin. 10, ur.
1 Nat. Or. Leguminosa. These plants succeed
best in a mixture of loam and peat; and young
cuttings root freel y in sand, under a glass. Äi/nonvme:
1. S. minus. ^^^
n^fedrnm . . .Red . • G. Ev. S. N. Holl. . 803
viminöüm, 1 . . Yellow . 7, G. Ev. S, N. Hüll. . 1802
SPH^RONEMÄ, Fries. From sphaira, a sphere, and
naima, gelatine; in allusion to the mucous receptacle
in which the sporules are inclosed. Lznn. 24,
Or. 9, Nat. Or. Fungi. Found on dead wood—S.
blepharistömä,subulatüm. .
SpiiirRoPHORÖN, Persoon. From sphazra, a globe, and
phoreo, to bear; form of fructihcation. Lznn. 24,
Or 8 Nat. Or. Lichenes. A very elegant genus ot
Lichens, easily known by its b ranched smooth habit.
T h e species are found on rocks—S. comprSssum,
coraHozdes,fragilS. ^ . ,
SPH^ROPHYSA, Decandolle. From sphaira, a sphere,
and p/a/ia, a bladder ; the pods are spherical and
b l a d d e r y . Linn. 17, Or . 4, Nat , Or. Legurninosce.
This species succeeds in common garden soil; but
is difficult to preserve on account of the want ot
t h a t saline principle in which it grows in its nat ive
c o u n t r y ; the plants should, therefore, be occasionally
watered with salted water : they are increased
by seeds, which are sometimes ripened m this
country. Synonymes: 1. Colutea caspzca, Phaca
siilsnla.
cäsplcii, 1 . . . Red . . 7, H. Her. P. Siberia . .1818
SPH^ROSTEMA, Blume. From sphaira, a globe, and
Äifwa, a s tamen; the filaments of the stamens are
coadunated into a fleshy solid mass, the anthers
onlv being at liberty, and nestling m a imniber ot
l i t t l e excavations of the mass. Lznn. 22, Ur. IJ,
N a t . Or. Anonacea:^ This interesting plant succeeds
well in a mixture of sandy peat and loam; and
cuttings root in sand, under a glass, m heat,
propliiquum . . Yellow . 7> S. Ev. CI. Nepal . . 1828
SPH^ROSTIGMA, Fischer and Meyer. From sphaira,
a iilobe, and stigma, a stigma. Lznn. 8, Or. 1,
N a t . Or. Onagracece. Same cultivation as tor ffinothera.
. . Yellow . 8, H
. . Yellow . 8, H
. . Yellow . 8, H
SPHAGNUM, Linn. A name ijfed by Pliny for some
k i n d of moss. Linn. 24, Or. Ö, Nat . Oi^ Miisci.
T h e species belonging to this genus are found in
bogs at all seasons. The leaves are nerveless, and
of a singularly whitish colour. Synonymes - 1.
capilUfürnm. 2. S. latiß>llUm-S. aczdzpUUm 1,
J s p i c W m , ohtusifOrnm, O. vulgarS 2, O. ßmtans,
O. minus, squarrOsüm.
SpHENODESMii, Jack. From sphen, a wedge , and desme,
f a s c i c l e ; in allusion to the fascicles of flowers.
Linn 5, Or. 1, Nat. Or. Verbenacese. This species
succeeds in sandy loam; and is increased by cuttings,
planted in sand, under a glass, m heat,
pe.tsndra . . . S. Ev. CI. E. Ind. . .1823
SpHENOGi-Kß, R. Brown. From sphen, a wedge, and
¿ryne, a female; in allusion to the wedge-shaped
f t i g i i a s . Linn. 19, Or. 3, Nat. Or. Composure.
This is a genus of very elegant under-shrubs, and
half-hardy annuals. They succeed best in a niixt
u r e of loam and peat ; and cuttings ot the shrubby
kinds roofreadily in sand, under a glass. Synonymes:
1. Ursinia f(sntculacea, Arctotzsfanzculacea,
2. Arctutis leucanthemoides.
abrotfvniföliä . . Yellow . 7, g
8j H
7, G
6-, Q
8, G
8, G
5. G
Cbamissonis
hïrtûm . .
mimitiflörüm
A. Rufioift
B. Russia
A. Rvi&3ia
1887
1836
1837
anthemniaes . . Yellow
eritbmifOliii . • Yellow
dentata . . . . Yellow
foeniculaeSS, 1 . Yellow
leucanthenioidg8,2 Yellow
odorata . . . . Yellow
pilifera . . . . Yellow
E v.
Ev.
Ev.
E v.
12, G. E^
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
, C. G. H.
C. G. H.
C. G. H.
[ 298 ]
1789
1774
1768
1787
1825
1825
1774
1821
Yellow
Yellow
6, G. Ev. S. C.G.H. . 1774
7, H. A. S. Amer. . 1836
scariOsi .
speciOsa
SPHEN6T6MX, R. Brown. From sphenoo, to cleave,
and ¿ome, a section; m allusion to the deeply
divided limb of the corolla. Lznn. 6, Oi. 1, iNat.
o l Epacridace^. Ornamental shrubs. For culture
and propagation, see Epacris. Synonymes: 1.
Bracophyllum capitatum. 2. D. graczle.
capiUtOm,! . .White. ' ^ M ^^ n^ll
grficilii, 2 . . . White. . 5, G. Ev. S. N. Holl.
1823
SPHERICAL, round like a sphere.
SPHERULES, minut e spheres, or globules.
SPICATE, having a spike.
SPICKNEL, see Athamantd.
SPIDER OPHRVS, s e e Ophri^s araniferd.
SPIDERWORT, see TRAI/EICANAA.
SPIELMANNIA, Medicus. In honour of R . S. bpielmann,
orofessor of medicine and botany at Mrasburg.
Linn. 14, Or. 2, Nat. Or. Verbenacece. This species
will thrive in any light rich soil; and young plants
are easily obtained from cuttings, planted in sand,
under a glass,
africana . . .White. . 7, G. Ev. S. C. G. H. .1710
SPIGELIA, Linn. In honour of Adr ian Spigelius, professor
of anatomy and surgery at Padua; and a
botanical author; died 1625. Linn.b, Or. 1, Nat.
Or. Spigeliacecs. These plants are showy when in
blossom, and therefore wort h growing; a compost
of loam and peat suits them best, and cuttings ot
t h e herbaceous species root freely m the same kind
of soil, under a glass. The roots of S. marilandica
are used in North America as a vermifuge, and it
administered in large doses, it acts as a powertul
cathartic.
Red . . 7, S. A. S. Amer. . 1/59
: : Scadet- : H.Her. P. N. Amer. . 1694
SPIKE, a long rachis of sessile flowers.
SPIKELETS, in grasses, are collections of florets.
SPIKE RUSH, see
SPILANT»ES, Jacquin. From spzlos, a spot, and AWFAOI,
a flower, in allusion to the original species having
yellow flowers and a brown disk. Linn. 19, Or. 1,
Nat. Ox. Composites. Worthless plants, requiring
t h e treatment commonly given to stove annuals.
Synonyme: i.Acmella lanceolata—S. AcmHla, alba,
brasilknsis, dSbzlis, exasperatd, oleracea, Pseudo-
Acmelia i,uliginOsa.
SPILGC^A, Fries. From spilos, a spot; Lznn. 24, Or.
9, Nat . Or. Fungi. This plant grows upon apples,
whence its specific name—S. pOmz.
SPILOMA, Acharius. Spiloma, a spot; appearance ot
the fructification. Linn. 24, Or. 8, Nat. Or.
Lichenes. The species of Spiloma are generally
found on the bark of trees and decaying wood—S.
auratnm, decolOrans, dispersum, melanOpUm, microclOnum,
microscopicum, mzirdlS, puncldtum, tuberculosum,
tumidiLlum, T. cOncOlOr, T. detrztum, T. dubium,
T. marginatum, T. microsttgmd, T.rosaceum,
variolOsum, versicolor.
SPINACH, s e e Spindcia. , .
SPINACIA, Linn. From spina, a prickle, in allusion
to the prickly processes of the frui t . Lznn. 22, Or.
5, Nat . Or. Chenopodiacece. Valuable herbs, ot the
commonest culture, and well known b y the English
name Spinach.
oleracea . . . Green • • 6, H. A. • 1568
glabra . . . Green . • 6, H. A.
spinosa . . . Greea . . 6, H. A.
SPINDLE-TREE, see EwSn^miis.
SPINES, indurated and pointed branches or processes,
which do not fall off f rom the part that bears them.
SPINOUS, furni shed wi t h spines. . •
SpfR^A, Lznn. From speirao, to become spiral; in
allusion to the flexile branches being suitable tor
t w i s t i n g into garlands. Linn. 12, Or. 2. Nat. Or.
RosaceiS. An extensive genus of very handsome
plants, when in flower. The shrubby kinds are
well adapted for planting in ornamental shrubb
e r i e s ; and are increased by layers, or cuttings of
t h e young wood. The herbaceous species look
well in the flower border; and are easily increased
by dividing the plants at the roots. Synonymes :
I . S. hypericifolia acuta. 2. S . media. 3. S.oblongzfolia.
4.S. sororia. 5. S . Be.sseriana. 6. S. Ulmana
denudata. 7- S. altaiensis. 8. S. hypericifolia cre-^
[ 299 ]
nata 9. S. car pini folia. Ì0. S. salici folia alba. 11
S hirpericifolia savranicn. 12. S. grandißora. 13
14. s . hxjpericifolia uralensis, S. crenata
S, triloba
acutiföliS, 1
nlpinä . .
ar^ntëa . . •
arioefôlïâ . . .
Arüneüs . . .
americänä . .
barbala . . . .
btìlht . . . .
betulifölH . . .
cânîi . . . • •
capitata . . •
eeanothiföliä . .
chamaedriföliä
White
White
White
Wliite
White
White
Red .
pink .
White
White
, White
, White
, White
. White
. White
incisa . .
mëdïîi, 2 . .
oblongiföliä, 3 .
subracemösä .
vulgaris . . •
corymbüsä . . .
soröriä, 4 . .
crat?îgifôlïâ . .
crenäta, 5 . . •
cuneifüllä . . .
denudälä, 6 . •
digitätil . . . .
Filipêndulà . •
minör . . •
multiplex .
pubèscêns .
flexuüsä . .
hypericifôlïfl. .
Plukenotiflnä
japônïcâ .
Ígevigátií, 7 .
lanceolata . .
IflxiHörä . .
lobätä . . .
obovätä, 8 . .
opuliföllä .
tomentellä .
palmata . .
pickowiénsïs .
saliciföHä . .
alpestris . .
càrnea . .
grandiflòra .
iatifölia, 9 .
panicviläta, 10
savranïcâ, 11 .
sorbi fôlïa . .
alpina, 12 .
tbalictroïdës .
tobölskiä . .
tomentosa . .
trilobata, 13 .
UlmärTä . .
multiplex .
variegata .
ulmifölia . .
pbyllänthä .
uralènsïs, 14 .
4, H. De. S. Siberia
7, H. De. S. Siberia . .
H. De. S. Nepal . .
6, H. De. S. N. Amer. .
6, H. Her. P. Siberia . .
6, H. Her. P. N. Amer. .
6, H. Her. P. Nepal . .
7, H. De. S. Nepal . .
6, H. De. S. N. Amer. .
6, H. De. S. Hungary .
6, H. De. S. Columbia .
6, H. De. S.
6, H. De. S. Siberia . .
6, H. De. S. Germany .
6, H. De. S. Canada .
, 6, H. De. S. Hungary ,
6, H. De. S.
, 6, H. De. S.
. 7, H. De. S. Virginia
. 8. H. De. S. N. Amer.
. 7, H. De. S. Siberia .
. 4, H. De. S. Podolia .
White
White
White
White
White
White
Red .
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
, Red .
, White
, White
. Red .
. White
. White
. White
. Red .
. White
. White
. White
. Flesh
. Pink .
. White
. White
, White
. White
. White
. White
. White
. While
. White
. White
. White
. White
, White
. White
. While
. White
H. De. S. India .
. 7, H. Her. P. S. Eur. .
. 7, H. Her. P. Siberia .
. 9, H. Tu. P. Britain .
. 8, H. Tu. P. Europe .
. 8, H. Her. P. Brit. gar.
. 8, H. Tu. P. France .
. 6, H. De. S. Europe .
. 4, H. De. S. N. Amer.
. 4, H. De. S. Canada .
H. Her. P. Japan .
. 5, H. De. S. Siberia .
H. De. S. Mauritius
H. De. S. India .
. 7, H. Her. P. N. Amer.
. 6, H. De. S. Hungary
. G, H. De. S. N. Amer.
. 6, H. De. S. N. Amer.
. 7, H. Her. P. China .
. 6, H. De. S. Podolia .
. 7, H. De. S. Britain .
. 7, H. De. S. Russia .
. 7, H. De. S. Britain .
, 7, H. Her. P. Kamtsch.
. 7, H. De. S. Europe .
. 7, H. Her. P. N. Amer.
, 4, H. De. S. Podolia.
. 8, H. De. S. Siberia .
. 8, H. De. S. Siberia .
. 6, H. De. S. Dahuria
. 6, H. De. S. Russia .
. 8, H. De. S. N. Amer,
. 5, H, De. S. Altai .
. 8, H. Her. P. Britain .
. 8, H. Her. P. Britain .
. 7, H. Her. P. Britain .
. 6, H. Her. P. Carniola
. 6, H. De. S.
. 4, H. Her. P. Uralia .
. 7, H. Her. P. India .
1817
1806
1827
1633
1835
1820
1812
1825
1827
1823
1789
1816
1819
1829
1812
1739
1823
1820
1640
1836
1774
1765
1816
1690
1823
1807
1820
1827
1819
1759
1817
1806
1823
1736
1801
1790
1817
vacciniit'Olía 1820
SPIRAL, twisted like a screw.
SPIRALCPIS, Don. From speira, a spire, and lepis, a
scale; scales twisted. Linn. 19, Or. 2, Nat. Or.
Composite. Ornamental plants. For culture and
p r o p a g a t i o n , see Synonymes: 1- Gnaphalium
declinatiim. 2. G. glomeraturn. 3. G. modestilan.
4. G. squarrosum.
declinata, 1 . . Brown . 8, G. Her. P. C. G. H
fflomerata, 2 . . P>'r. grn. . 7, G. Her. P. C. G. H
modesta, 3 . . . Red \ . 9, G. Her. P. C. G. H
squiirrOsa, 4 . . Purple . 9, G. Ev. S. C. G. H
SPIRÂNTHËBA, Si. Hilaire.
1787
1774
1826
1816
From ipe/rci, a spire, and
an anther ; the anthers are spiral shaped.
Linn. 5, Or. 1, Nat . Or. Rutacece. A very handsome
flowering, sweet-scented shrub, thriving in a mix«
t u r e of sandy loam and peat; and cuttings of tho
half ripened wood will root in sand, under a glass;
but they must be planted thinly, and the glass
occasionallv removed to allow them to dry, as they
are very liable to damp. Synonyme: 1. Terpnanthus
jasminoides.
i Cloratissima, 1 . Wht. red . S. Ev. S. Brazil . .1823
S?iRANTHES, Richard. From speira, a spiral, and
anthos,& flower; in allusion to the spiral manner
in which the flowers are arranged. Linn. 20, Or . I,
N a t . Or. OrchidacscE. The species of Spiranthes
{Lady's Traces) require the same treatment as the
Neottiw.
I 'i 1
yyf'