33®
p. 321
p. 35-
p. 36.
p. 42.
P- 43-
p. 44.
P- 45*
Oitober the 3d they anchored in Samganoodha Harbour, in the Ifland of
Unalafchka, where they had before touched. They now found about twenty
Kamtfchadales and eight Ruffians here, who are poffeffed of a tolerable good
wooden houfe. They have alfo arms and ammunition, and a fmall Hoop of about
fixty tons burthen. Thefe people, fome of whom vifit this place annually, were
to return to Ochotlk in 1780, and were to be fucceeded by a freffi fet. They
informed Captain Cook that there are upwards of four hundred Ruffians, be-
fides a great many Kamtfchadales, formed into little fettlements upon the
various iilands in thefe feas.
On the 14th another Ruffian arrived at the ifland, in a large canoe, attended
by twenty or thirty fmaller ones. He was received with great refpeit by the
natives; and appeared to be a colledtor of a tribute or tax. His under drefs was
like that of the Enghffi, but over it he wore a blue callicoe frock, girt round
with a filk falh ; he had boots on, and a cap lined with fur.
This ifland, which is called by the natives Now’unalafchka, but by the Ruffians
Unalafchka, is fituated in 54- 4’ north latitude, and in 193- 36’ eaft longitude;
the length of it appeared to be about fifty miles; it abounds in hills, fome of
which are very high, and the foil on the fides o f them are rich, loamy, and
deep. The low land is very marlhy, but a fine deep black foil.
The only quadrupeds they faw were the arflic fox, and a fmall fpecies of the
marmot, without ears, and a ffiort tail; the natives call them Anump-cho. O f
water fowl they have variety; but the land birds are but few. As to trees
there are none upon the ifland that exceed a foot in length. The plants aré
numerous.
The men, in general, are from five feet to five feet and half in height; their
face is broad; their eyes rather fmall; their nofe flat; their mouth wid’e, and
lips thick; and their teeth ufually uneven and difcoloured; their hair is black
and rather long behind, but cut ihort before; the common drefs of the men
is a jacket, made of the ikins of birds, the feathered fide worn inwards;
but their bed: jackets are painted red on the fore and hind part, as low as thé
ihoulders and breaft, and decorated with rows of fur.
The
The women are generally ffiorter than the men; and their features much P- 46-
more pleafing. They wear the hair over the forehead, like the men, but tie
it up behind in large clubs. They, as well as the men, ufe the difagreeable
mode of ornamenting their under lips with long pieces of narrow carved bone,
and their nofe with a firing of beads; they likewife wear feveral bunches of
beads in their ears; their cheeks are tatowed, or marked with one, and fome-
times two lines, which extend from the middle part to the ears; their chin
is likewife decorated in the fame manner; this mark is confined entirely to the
female fex, who are not permitted to wear it till they arrive to a certain age.
A feal-lkin jacket, with fleeves, fafiened round the body with a girdle, is the
only garment they wear.
Their houfes or huts are built four feet deep in the ground, of an oblong P- 4s’
form. From a hole in the top is fixed a kind of a ladder, by which they p . 4 9 .
defcended into them. They fmell very difagreeably and offenfively from the dirt
and naftinefs which abounds in every part. Their food confifts of whale’s fleffi,
fiffi, berries, and roots. The leifure hours of the women are generally ipent p. 35.
in embroidery, in which they are very neat, and fome of their performances
are really curious. The needles they ufe are made of bone, but without an eye;
the thread of finews fplit to a proper fize. The needles they found on board
the fhips, being fo far fuperior to their own, proved a good article of trade.
During their ftay here, they did not obferve the leaft traces of religion among p. ¡g.
thefe people, nor any thing which could induce them to fuppofe that they had
even the moil difiant idea of a Supreme Being.
On the 26th of Oftober, a fine breeze fpringing up from the S. E. Captain p, 40.
Cook was determined to take the advantage of it. He accordingly put to fea, 6
and flood to the fouth till November the 26th, when they faw land, which rofe
with a very gradual afcent, the inland part terminating in a lofty hill. On it
there appeared plenty of trees, and the whole was covered with a fine verdure.
Some of the natives, who had been fiihing, came along fide, of whom they
bought, with, a variety of other fiih, feveral crabs of a Angular fpecies, that
were of a mod beautiful fcarlet colour. The canoes of thefe people were in,
every refpeit the fame as thofe lcen at A’tou’wi, as well as the natives.
The