groupe, Pouympet in the Caroline, and Babelthouap in the
cluster of the Palaos or Pelew Islands, are tlie largest. The
Marian Islands were the first in these seas that beCatóë known
to Europeans : they were termed by the Spaniards'‘«Tslas fie
Ioss Ladrdnesy • Or e* Islands 'of Pobbers.^- These islands wéfê
discovered by thé first' eiffeumnavigator of thé glöbe^ thê^^fë-
brated Magalhaens, and are described by Pigafétta, the-cbm-
panion of his advefituiesi Other vOyagëré^ chiefly Spanish
commanders,; landed on the .same' islands in thé ^fMföwlaf.
years, among 'whom were Antonio de Saavedra and Miguèl
Lopez de Légaspi. • The name of the * grétipe was afterwards
changed to that of the Marian Isles. To the sèhthward1 of
the MmiabTélés-afe situated the Carolinélslandé, the móst
southerly of the Marian groupe, being not many îëâgues distant
from: the -most northern of the Caroline. The Caroline
Archipelago Was discovered by the Portuguese Captain^ ©legO
da Rocha in* TS2Ô? t 1TSeibral clusters of islets in the’ sarne
seas were* soón afterwards explored by Saavedra. Drake in
T579 anchored to the southward of thé island of Yap,; lwhich
he termed «hè *M e of Thiev^.” .Tn the yèaf 1686 th#hànîè
of tfe8'©aföliniè& Islands wasgfven td all th a tj^ rt' of th e 'Grëat
Archipelago1 already discovered) in - honour of Charles II.,
kmg^Sf Spain. > » 'The Spaniards had previously£bMsëd! ïbi
Marian Islands, and they1 apparently meditated thèaeqnîsi-
tiott of thé* Garnîmes. ?This last" nanâe has "béen ^radüâllÿ
extended in its meaning, and made to comprehend all thé
numerousrislands-and clusters of islands discovered since the
period above mentioned within the space reaching-from tHè
Pabos or Pelew Islands in the west inclusively to thechain
of Radak and the Marshall and Gilbert Isleü of English
maps in the east. The Marian and the Caroline groupes
taken together comprise between them the whole Micronesian
Archipelago.*
The principal objéét for thus separating this archipelago
from the test' of Polynesia is to set forth a distinction
which has been ^e.pcca^ipn of some controversy. A certain
* I stóll stfll use the terra1'Caroline Archîpèlâgô as an inclusive name for
the Caroline groupes collectively, though they constitute but a part o the
Micronesian Archipelago.
difference has. been noted between the Micronesians and the
Polynesians in,general* i.M- Dumont d’Urville and M. Lesson
ha.ye: drawn .a very strong- line., of separation between these
two classes^f QceaeicjItrihes. The;,foEmer are regarded by
an- entirely, ’different . race from ‘all f ;thc, other
nations of the Pad They ere - termed by him Pelagian
Mongolps, and considered as belonging to the. Mongolian race
ofyjtdgh Qqntral Asia. The grounds of this opinion will cpme
before my readers in fbe> sequel. At uresept I [shah only eite,
in opening this question, thefStatement of Dumont d’Urville,
which is fpupded| on the observation pf[certain differences of
featuje^ and ofilapgüage^. or at; least of jdlqleggi between the
tribes of the north-western Pacific andthenat ionsofOce-
anica,, whose history we; havealready ^survey ed.;
!nrlpra memoir preswted tp the Geogiaphicali^®#JBty.ï^fiRaçis
in 1832 on the, islands of the,G real.Oceana .and their inhabitants,
M. d’UrvilLe lays down in thejfirst placet the1 division
of native triheg intOfjtwo gre atfamilie s,;^ designates
and describes as other writers haveijdomL under the names of
the Black; and Tawny racés. He1,saÿs :‘>6<;îfeius gdnsjdérP3ïs4a
race noire comme celle des, véritables.- indigènes* au moins de
cemx qui ont *occupét)fes.apremiers le soi , ff’Qcémdte* r ’ Les
hommes., d’un » teint plus; claire appartiennent à une race de
çonqnéransj qui, provenant de-l’ouest) sfe fepandbpea à peu
^ug lfs;îîes.4 €! l’Océanie, * et t y fonda1 successivement i des colonies
plus ou moins considérables. . Souvent elle expulsa ou
réd uit, icomplètement les premiers ,jppss^^snrs dù <■ sol,;i d ’au-
trefoisTes deux, races vécurent, ensemble en abonne intelligence,
et leurs posterité3 secoUfondirent par ,des unions multipliées.*
Enfin il peut arriver; que les étrangers trouvèrent
* It may hé allowed mé tonûake the follôwing quprieS'by way ofeomment
on these observations. In those islands whence the blacl^£.^ipchthones ’
have beep completely expelled,:wçhatprQpfl)&ve ,we pfth^u(former,.existepce ?
and what islands in thaSputhefit Ocean can beiD^ntipned where the Papuas
or èthér bafck Savages ana the tawny race nye'-together.in the friendly intelligence
whifch M. Dumont d*ü¥vïfïë pfèdlcflK®'?'- Generally the Papua race
is entirely,distinct from:the;JPQlynesito,5i;in Wbe, bpteScosaifew Dapuas are
found among them in a state of slavery, Np voyager has mentioned a particular
spot where they are blended on the friendly footing hero described. The