IROQUOIS^. OR
Tfoese two. sections of theftsame. people were separated from
each other by, intervemi^ tribes of tbeiAl^^mifarftily.
At the period ? of the dolonisarioa, ; of / Canada the Five
Nations were-engaged dn. a war soffextermination with sthe
Algonquin tribes. It i& remarkable, as Mr. Gallatin observes,
that the Wyandots, though, ilroquois. ihemselves, were the
headlands principal support of the Algonquin confederacy.
The consideration in which they were keld appears from the
fact that even the^ Delawares, whor, claimed toi be ^the eMer
branch of the race and called themselves grandfathers!,of .the
others fL^apian- nations^ reeognised the/ïèi|perjQrity ofitthe
Wyandots,, whom to .this day, they call.their.pnclesi and
though they are reduced to a small numferi thélright off the
Wyandots, derive! either oftpnir; ■ane«*it,-gow^eigçtyft op^ fipm
incorporation o f uthe three extinct tribes, fa , theffeoimtry be^
tween Lake Erie and the Ohio,: from ^ A ^ e ^ ^ y ^ v e f ^
the igreat,Miami, has never b e ^ d ^ p iite 4 4 ^ a ^ i^ h e i|,th ^
the Five Nations. They had concentrated .thêmseWs,}^®!-
bably on account of their wars.^with-the^k© Rations,* ,#
twenty-one Ullages in the vicinityr!pfi. Lahe;fIIurom; ;ffhe
French missionaries were indefatigable in,their endeavaurs to
convert them, and Father Brebceujf and,,his .associates,^ave
left a more permanent impression on the Hurons thani was
effected in any other aboriginal races ;in. the; French .eettle-
ments. . They are Supposed to, have amounted to.ten thousand
or twelve thousand soute, but about t twelve, xhuodreff were
destroyed by the small-pox in 1639;,. and ten years afterwards
the whole nation was- nearly exterminated and its-.remnants
dispersed by the Five Nation«. The Tionontates, one of the
subordinate tribes,df this nation, then, took rêfuge among the
Chippewas, but at length returned to Détroit, near their
ancient seats.
The other tribes of this subdivision of the Iroquois met
nearly thekame fete as the Hurons, and wete exterminated
by the Five Nations.
The Five-Nations were the Mohawks, the Oneidaiythe
Onondagâs, the Cayugas, and the Senecas, Their confederacy
was of ancient date. The Oneidas and Gayugas are
said to have been compëlled to join it, and were ealled youhger
VI V E NAT I OKS. 397
nations; - The Tusearorasy or rather the remnant of them,
after their •defeat' in 17 12^13/ were admitted as a sixth nation,
and'the"Confederacy was termed the Sit Nations.
31 * Tbri* Five 'Nations 'hadigafeed a decided' superiority over all
rife* other tribes? beftri the^ arrival of *Europeans. It appears
that they werd a bvai^r peOploHhan the Algonquins, and they
were further adva^ed4n ‘a^idult^re'jawd other'-arisi* t-On all
Occasions they discovered a higher fotelMgeneel’w I
;- -*Th#di|(^|j(6l^-'-fcmqhowd8^d8|Jie^-ol3^waM River? and' its
tributaryy&tr^,ms. - Several1 itiferidri tribes beiongedltto them,
as1 tfie TOeloespNottolv^r%i;and! Meherrin^ monridned hy
iiaiwst® •in*1hiSJ^adcdtffit OftthC'North? Gdroiina India4s?j- but
fit tlllChief tt^ e s werh the Tusdarorasfin ■North’ Carolina,
Wherei^aeeoMing^tb i!Laws©ni! tftey^kud »fifteen- towns).:and
“twelve* 'hundred^ warriors.1 1 A* whvbreukingd^ut witk thercolo*
hislS1 after *! the *ikbrde^ o f * iLaWa<SA,y<lhd'?goveirica,4by these
pebf)le^1 they1 'were • vanquished\ 1 and1 the body I4removed »in
l^Mrdri, and riere,Mdeiv’edr,asia'sixth*hation into theicon4-
federaey^reViodsly'The
s»rf At the beyinflihgi oft the,tenvesteentlr century ‘ thenumberof
|feiple'Of the Ir^hois^aee. ailioilfltedito forty ithousand* ! At
p^eieWhJthte’ro ta n a h t^ aM' thfe' SoqttOiatlribes cannot, JasvMaj
Gallatia'contdudfe^iftueh exeeed'seven? thousand} souls.: Their
‘destruction'1 id todbenatt¥tbutedi^o^rgi?am(Hrg5 themsefefe.
The Mdhawks • Whoy wsalliambe>With“ the1 EugMsJqnharriedt on
amurderkfs War-agmnst'the AffnerieanS'dhri^ithe war oft the
revolution, were driven - Gift Of their* country?!and! Obliged* to
take (wfegean'Canddaf * *.Witlv.thidaat®epri«ii motencnmcbment
was! made »on the!*native* possesstorri ®fi t h e e bNa t t p a s
Mfore* the year? 1783* and their* number ihasninat diminished
since that time. 1
, I .Section VIII.-^-FAysicaJ Ghwucters, qfi the Iroquois,, *
.»ri Np* remarkable .difference has been saidiito' exiatibetwjeen
thefiAIgonqaln andrIroquois races^-as: far asqthei^pbyshsM
characters* ate .concerned; <1
Kalm has described the Hmfonst »and , some other- >.tribes,, of