npt have, failed to exhibit them. I tis therefore probable that
this custom was contemporaneous with the reign ofthelnOask
Even the lengthening of ;*fehe?ears of one of: theSe^ compressed
beftds may, lead us .tojdetermine very nearly the age in which
the individualylived.. I t was found in the province of, Carangas
to|the west, of Oruro* It is r known that this province was
c^ly «eowjuepd under the reigoiiof itlie seventh* Inca, Ifahuar-’’
Huaeac, ? iwhoivaeccfding ? Jo all pjrobabflityiJiiged:: about t the
thirteenth •eentuiy.j , Thus as the . Incas ionly ^granted the
honour pf stretching the^ ea|rs.by especial gracejiior to/recoin-:
pense a conquered nation for its prompt submission to their
terms, and as this concession Game necessarily at the end of
the establishment of the customs of the conquerors, we may
suppose that it was. mot generally dn practice among the
Aymaras till towards the fourteenth or fifteenth century.
The istatuesahew besides that'thecustom of dengthentne- ilhe
nara was unknown Rt-jthef time of the tfirst epilisati©»
plateau of the Andes.
“ We have not been able tofearn any thing fcleaqty with*
respect to the influence which this artificiai'deforinifcyaafiMfe/
headrhad uponf th© intellectual* faculties of theiAynaaraspsIAce
the old historians give us no information^/ bot tbere is reason
tp/beli^eblthatr there may be ardispkcementoh^the-phristdf
the brain without any diminution of .substanoe.* It >will Readmitted.
that by the mature of their occupation)*dhe; chiefs of
these nations had /probably.! their- intellectual faculties more
expanded- than their vassals. May; wed Apt, from?>th% -fact
draw an argument in favour of our opinion *?‘^ f o r the.-meal
depressed heads that we have cseen have been, constantly
found in tombs whose construction announces that, they
belonged to the chiefs.”
Paragraph 4.-<-The Atacamas or Olipes.
The people termed by M. d’Orbigny Atacamas were formerly
called Olipes: by Gatcilasso they are named Llipi, It
seems that they are the inhabitants of the western declivity
of the- Cordilleras from the nineteenth to the* twenty-second
degree of south latitude; viè. tlie! provinces of Tarapaca and
o f Atacadsafo *
bTheyitesemble; the Quièhuas in %èîr physical characters,
but have a peCuliuf langiMge^f itihabifonts of sea-coasts and
offiow edühtiiis, they^hàve Rëèïi iffitoh^ndtially mddidtëd tb
fishing and* agrictttteéJ - Theiri tôinbls, wMëïfàrb alwtfÿS'dâb-^
terraneous/>ure different flfeui'thfâëë'^dhô and'ttior^
like the Qüiëbaùn.? i #hetfcR#dtbs whrldhid riâ%ertii^il ' graved
with thdtolimbfc(be&t 5U|), like ÆeiCfPositîotiîîihi‘>arit>Rnb<jrd5
child,: smt'oundëdï'ihÿivêssel^ Ry-dfësèdé aSïd-tëois, and'thë'
fèmalemofpëés* fey baskets and icdpfenieiitS'of wearing/- ‘
Ohaifges. J*
* </The Changosate theremnanfoof à Etech :«iora numerous
pebplé inhabitingi oMy fhè «cla^Rf Pâtoibetwee*t4hë tW^rftÿ~
second and twenty-fourth degrees of south' latitude; ‘ They
wfere separatednfe Otothe AraucôS by‘the eeleteatéd^M¥fness
of Atacama;f :
“V -The complexion of •tbe^Ohéiigo^-i^ ’tliaif
. .ttasH^oehHas^dwèpbiéhatffïtiiB of a d e ip e ru h u t^ a i soit o f
biaek Mstre colour, : or ai qfeawiÿyrjappoacMs^ tte4flatëkif-',Wèl'
camiot fail to connectthikobseëvation * with their> ideal ^situatioô:
dn thèiseæréOafSty^hen /so many parallel » facts'1 furnish *thenr-:
selves tor our/viëwdû: difierent pattS1 'of* Afeeiicu;us Well aS
the Old World. - The only diffetéieêf.dis®wbred îéfetèeen«t|nÿ
Changos and the other Peruvians is à tgrdat flatiï^s ' ô f tlïè
nose and lipsy a prominent feature which * serves to approximate
them to- the Arancanos.
Section II.— O f the Antisian Paces or the White Nations
o f th e Emter^ù Aenêeà.'\^
The eastern or ( inland border fof the Peruvian Cordilfeta,
where -the .'high monntaiïi4andüd®^rfs thrpyi^i ^iegiehlbf
lofty forests intersected by precipicesfohdiforrents into ; the
interior plains o f South America, is the abode of a groupe of