CHAPTER X.
ANDIAN NATIONS.— RACES OF THE CORDILLERA.
Section I.-^iO f the P&imvimuWatimSi
Föüb dktimit languages- are spoken within the>(foÈaRih>of!élle
ancient ! Rasas ^ofjPeru; Which distingaishf'sopmanly natrons;
aard5: in other trespects- to rteséöibïeieaeh otberp and toihavmno
strongly-barked' physical difi&»êndefein» Oraelmfi -theses matibite
are the Qüicfauas 4m<- the propèrs süfejectsfièf the Incas, the
centre of whose empire was the city of Cusco. Thb* Qtri*
ehuas int» feter times were th e dominant i ÊÈffA Üf Saitg eetohto
them were the Aymarasy also aJcavilisedpdojile^iands theinife
rior tribes of Ataeamas and Chang^s^tbedwedattlr ofwlndb,
comparatively’rude in manners, -obedpied dherdower éauntry
between the Cordillera and the shores'©# the Pacifies ^These
four nations have been entirely—converted to Christianity.
Their numbers are thus stated by M. d’Orbigny: —
Qöictóaaöp 'df pbrè-'raeëdggi^y v ; ihiked 4SS072
Aymaras - „ 372,397 „ - 188,237
Atadarn^ " böèoqqrfe 'f?,34# IP ofjj To MgylVOiM
S "ChdtfgÖS yd hyan^O0O » . «i. y g ^ s iitiq
M H k jlt& ym j 3,ii .11
The physical characters of these nations are thus described
in generalhyrMsodOrbigiuy.
^IComplexion dgep 'OliMe bipwn, which,, as4ihc says, is correctly
denotedhy M. de Humboldt as that ofbrQnpe. -Stature*
middle, 1 !ipetfe,#-i5^omilUm^rj6^*^;;S9ff# massive,; .trunk
* One ffietreis e'qiial% V M i + 1 line — l line. 59f millimetresa’re
0,l597 part^ of a-iifelrfeV 1 The vdiolfc'lne&siifS -here giveriXis therefore' -a - little
more than 4 | feet.
very long in- relation to the whole stature. Forehead retreat*
ing; face broad,-, oval; nosplong,, very aquiline, widened at
the base. Mouth rather large,;, lips of moderate thickness.
Eyes placed horizontally, with the cornea of a yellowish hue.
Cheek-bones .not prominent. Features strongly marked.
Express^ên of countenahcejserKMS; fthoughtful, -even sad.”
The country inhabited by these four Peruvian races extends
over the greater part of the domain governed by the ancient
Incas,-viz.«.over the.-Andes and Their/declivities- from the
Equator to, the twenty-eighth degree of south latitude.,- Its
western boundary is the ocean. Its - eastern borders are the
branches of^mourftaine 5 whi^hsfeê^Öic Ab®éè4JolïJbe Antisian
races, to be hereafter described, and- further-. southward the
plain ofliChateo; Rnconsists- »qfi higlfepaopntóh.plain^ onThp
borders o f iperpetuäl i iSpowy * -and» 1 <p£ b©tot^.lJ§ySßdc&dtute)(öf
Trees/ .«andt moisture^t.oriof leW fla| land%TrW^ore Ther$egêurces
of iediust^-Can, alomfe*enaWedheHcolonist to idferife sustenance
feèm. The isoilii ïThe? western feoeqof dheiAudiall- &hjn%ddettir
tute* ofii The luxuriant
sMesy aticb ancbibanre**, 1 mß&fhito the f^tfungentüMleri hepmof
dkcoveriiig?mThat.< Tfegkrav the Mfebesti.sw^kutiön^icf / SöUÄ
Ataeweäo :> In ßtkwhigben.
grouiwls'cavetediiwii&fo0Qcks jofialpaeai, and ?llamalsrrflkplay
IheAèbourdesfóT thé èountryi* a
Parmjraph 1.—The Quichua^o^ibp Tnc%;itufe-x
The name of the Quichuasris supposed to. hp.yJe,ibftfP that
of a particular fjfibe : itxWa^f hsed by the SpaniardSrfe-desig--
nate all those who speak- the eld language of the Incas, or
Chiefthirisf hs the term e&jkessis. The Quichuan people,
pröpèrly kö t^nièd,-appear tb haVè -inhabited the- plateau of
the Andes as far northward as Quit6^#lieibUhéifcMioin is
noW ëpokéh: rëUöïM seuthwa-rd to th d MmeritMdgiee
Of‘Süuth latïtüdd, ^whbfè a Spade óf c^tkryTietwèenthe
two chains T5f ‘ ihottóta^ins • and thé eoaStris* - occupied by the
vace. pf Aymaras. .. To thp^-squthward p f . thq Aymaras the
Quichuas are again; recognised by. thejr, language as far as