In this first ©foss I propose to comprehend the following
branches: *
A. Th© Peruvian races of M. d’Orbigny, consisting of the
Quiehuasythe native subj ects, of the Incas, tb© AyHiaras,
and Sjomo other distinct nations of the Peruvian Cordillera,
R, White nations of the extern Andes, the Aniisian nations
of M d’Orbigny.
C, Bouth-Andian races, or nations of the Southern op*
Chilian Andes named AraucaniaBS, and the Magellanic
nations inhabiting the last portion of that chain beyond
the Magellanic Strait, termed Fuegians and Peshereis.
With this group©, since it is impossible t©. separate them
by a distinct line, and there are, moreover,, reasons to
suspect, a family relation between the whole department
thus constituted, we must join the Patagonians and all
the nations of the Southern Pampas.
*2* The second class, termed Eastern Nations of South Amer
rica, comprehends all the nations: of f hat continent to. the
northward of the Rio de la Plata arid the eastward of the
River Parana and of the basin of tho Paraguay, as far as the
Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. I t will be subdivided
as follows a-i- • I
A. The Tupian and Guaranian race, consisting of a family
of nations speaking kindred languages, dispersed in separate
hordes and groupes. over a great part of the region
above defined, viz. through the eastern pasts,of Paraguay,
the Brazils, and as far northward as the upper region of
the Maragnon or River of Amazons, perhaps even to the
upper Orinoko. Branches of this stock are likewise
found in the country to the westward of the* Paraguay,
B. The Caribbean groupe, comprising the nations of the
northern coast of South America, the province of Guayana
and Venezuela, reaching on the sea-coast almost from
the Isthmus, of Darien to the mouth of the Maragnon,
and inland' as far as the chains of mountains which
divide the basin of the Maragnon. from, that of the Orinoko.^
rr‘Many of these î mations , are -allied by kindred
language and descent to the Garibbes of the Antilles.
C. Other tribes spread-throUgh the-same' .regions who do
. not appear to helong^te ;dether- of the families of nations
igflj above mentionedi Most* dfuthese tribes me.-in a lower
-kd&t&te with respebt.to moral cuMuref.fhan the Guarani, as
i. the Botocudosvjl They are supposed to be; the,1 abofi^iies
jÿ pf many countries in tow h ieh th e Tupi and Guarani
tribes have-introduced themselves;at a dater period;
3. Third class.-—Midland, Nations,. includirig tribes/ who
inhabit the interior forests and Uan&s or>plains) of S&rithkjAme-
rioa, between thedoweéfi border ofith© -Cordiller a ori. oner sidey
and the: comparatively higher j regiom ©fithe.j Parana; on the
other side._ They- consist in theófirsk'piace of - the rtatioris
who inhabit the missions of > the CHiquitos.?and the Moxos
between Pqtosi. and the upper streams < of the- -Parana, where
th©,J|outb American continent becomes narrow. ® itediariaelei:;
andf secondly , races / spread;.ihteonghi the'dGteafe i Ghahp, and
scattered furtherdo the southward through theiedunfrigsafwMeh
form the basin of the River Paraguay.
RjThe moral condition of the; aativè mees was gitealiy diveFr
sified at the period of the Spanish conquests ■ Tile lake of
Titicaca, situated in the centre of an elevated plain, in the
midst of; the highest summit® t of dhe PeruvianCkddi-llera,
was thn eim^re of-early civilisation^ and; thermnpcording. to
traditions perhaps feebly supported* '’by &be;symbolic record
óf the qmippos,. four centurie® Jmforet the Pizarfeo, the
founders of a royal dynasty, who like the Indian rajpeots
claimed to he the offspring' sof the hum /emerged. from the
waters or first presented theaisèlvesdlo thmeyestéf mortals in
the mists which emanate ‘foomstho inarshy banks. iilh^Inc^s
led their followers to thé plain of Guseo,- where they! erected
a1 city destined to;be> th e eeMrerof a j mighty dem^rey ‘ ànd| thé
great temple of - Pachacamaei!ihaliAail1eàgt0a> in eireuifij where
consecrated riiginsfeeelebrated inhsongs and with bloodless,
sacrifices, unlike the orgies of the Mexicans, théMpraisésAf
ttó r visible «'god 'fend reputed" ancestor. Ruins o f * architectural
monuments scattered through the Peruvian empire, and
elevated causeways which might vie with the military roads