Of the three chief Philippines,
being excluded as distant-from the scene of these . observations)
.occupying respectively Java, Sumatra,-and Celebes,
the first has, especially by its moral habitsy by dts superior
civilisation and improvements, obtained a more marked character
than the others.. Both the Malayan and Bugis'nations
are maritime and -commercial, devoted to gain, animated, by a
spirit of adventure, and accustomed to distant and hazardous
^enterprise»: while the Javans, on the contrary, iare- an -agricultural
race!, attached to the soil, <jf quiet, habits and contented
disposition, almost entirely unacquainted with trade
and navigation, and little inclined to engage in either. This
difference of character may be accounted for by. the great
superiority, of the soil in Java. '
“ The Malayan empire, which once4extendedroverall Sumatra,
and the capital of which is still nominally at Mp#ngr
kabau on that island, had long been, dismembered ; ■ but. its
colonies were found established on the coasts of the peninsula;
and throughout the islands, as far east as the Moluccas, The
Mohammedan institution considerably changed their earlier
character.”
“ What the Malayan empire was in Sumatra in the western
part of the Archipelago, that of Guah or Mengkhsar was in
Celebes in the east; but the people of this, latter . .country,
named Bugis, retained longer their native ♦ customs and 3 an-
cient worship, f Like the M alays,« they sent forthu numerous '
colonies, and a t one-period extended the sicced of: their
arms as fares Aehin in Sumatra, and Keddah on the Malayan
peninsula; iand in almost every part of the . Archipelago
Malayan and B6gis settlers and establishments, are to be
found.”
“ The Javans, on the contrary, being an agricultural people,
are seldom met with out of their native island. A t one period
o f their history, indeed, their power seems to have been
exerted in foreign conquest, and they seem to have sent out
colonies to Borneo, the Peninsula* Sumatra, and probably
Celebes; but .when Europeans became acquainted with them,
their sovereignty was nearly, confined to Java. Their fpreign
colonies, being abandoned, had become cut off’ from the
parent stock and gradually merged*unto the body .of: the
Malayan nation. Bdritbef greater fertility of Java' invited
the visits of »more cmliSed^stran.geF«;.nnd< hence Java became
the principal seat- of arts undkof the’ cultivatiqn of? literature.
Section IV .— O f tke' Bügis; ceÈh&thex N a tio n s .o f Celebes.
■ The‘ third people mentioned by Marsdemand other-writers
as forming! together withi-the -Malayan^*and the Javanese,
thethree^ivilised nations n f the Jndian Archipelago,, arê'the
Bftgis nr Bughis Mijtrieriiame is also,?written Bragganss-r-whb
are inhabitants o f ’the Isleof Celebes,-.of,which theytpossess
the south-eastern part. ~ ^ *' ;
-Oelebesis^a-dong iand narrovf -island,i-ofuirreguiaii- shape,
spread !èut info« promontories or projecting lands, The northern
promontory stretches nptowards - Magmdhn®. and;; the
d b Ü i k é tÆ jto ^ 1
a -Wide ; channel oaled the .Sea of, Celebes : » its »iddle »par d 1res
‘over«tga4$ Borneo :• .^.dntervetimguehaflmelJsmanaaeéÆe
Sea of°Makhsar. The southern and - broadest part <of the
island, containing the seat- of its civilised! matiortsyiife'adhes
down into-the great channel of the J avam sea* whichmins from
east to west to the northward of Sumatra and thd Javan chain.
It is probable that the original inhabitants« of* Celebes were
of the same race as those«of Borneo, but the -destiny of
Celebes has been, different from; that «of the Jarger «island.
While Borneo has remained uncivilised and its-people almost
entirely unknown, Celebes became at an easily.period »«eat
of that civilisation which has from
the Indian continent, through a great part of the Archipelago.
This island, according to Mr.. Crawfurd, is the centre whence
that peculiar kind of-culture emanated « which has reached dhe
eastern parts of the Indian, seas^ «• “ The «moment« We pass the
* This name is sometimes written Bughis lo denote that^ theg js hard.
For the same reason the French write Guiloto instead of Gilolo. In the received
orthography of Asialic names, proposed by'Sir W. Jones/g4s always
hard* and for a sdft'g itdl OUstdmdty^d or less-correctl.y dj.
r
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