Property iu
land.
Habitations.
Slave Trade.
generally about six Spanish dollars* anil seldom exceeds eight. The ordinary price o f
a p i k u l (IS S f pounds English) o f rico, :is abolît 'threfejfoUrths o f a Spanish dollar.
Th e tenure by 'which land is held differs widely ftom that which exists at present in
the native' provinces o f Java. The sovereign is not here considered the universal
landlord ; on the contrary, the soil is almost invariably Considered as the'private property
o f the subject, in whatever manner it is cultivated or divided. It may be sold1,
let, pledged, devised, or otherwise disposed of, at the option o f the proprietor, and
Without any1 reference to : thé"'w ill o f the superior. ’ The divisions'of this'property are
generally vérÿ minute, and the'm ode Of measurement not very defined;-and there
are instances o f great irregularity, dven in the application o f the same modè ‘ó f
measurement.
The measure o f land is expressed by the quantity o f sfeod required f o ooW it, and said
to b e sé many tâ n a s . Some proprietors possess fifty M n a s j while others- hold not riforie
than one or' twb. Th e private èstate o f the elder Raja o f B l i l i n g did .not excêècta few
hundred tâ n a s , nor did that o f the younger mHch Surpass it.
B u t thbt%h the prinèe Is'not considered as actual,' proprietor o f the-land o f his
dominions, h e receivcs a 'certàitf share o f tiré produce irt the way o f tax. This tax is
either paid in a SmaM Chinese ôoin, called k é p e n g j or1 in kind, at the rate o f about five
tâ n a s o f produce for every ta n a o f seed-sown.’
Though in the lower districts the food o f the people is Universally rice, ih tBe'-Kigber’
and morênronntaihous parts they subsist principally on swëet potatoes and Indian corn.
The principal animal food that'they Use1 is swine flesh, which fs found iii: great abundance.
Th e price o f 'à'grown hog seldom exceeds a dollar,1 and'-scarcëlÿ èvér'amoùnts
to a dollar and a half.
The habitations'of the Kalians differ from those o f the JavahsV m'ra-ifg|«ncrally
cOnStrnetéd o f niud walls and surrounded by walls o f feàkê’d or unbakëd'bricfes-;*-in
conèféqndncse o f which, and the peculiar formation o f the entrances, and door wayë, the
principal towns are said to resemble the Hindu towns on thé -continent1 of • India-.
- The arts are little practised. Though the island produces cotton o f the most-excellent
quality and in great abundance, the natives ha v e not generally learned the art-of painting
or printing the «doth which they manufacture from it. ’ . The women here,’ as on Java,'
are the manufacturers o f all the doth used By their husbaSrids ór families.*11T h eir
principal manufacture is in Tenses and Warlike instruments ; they make fire-arms, ' and
ornament the barrels;*' but purchase European locks.|
The'principal exports are rice, hirds’-ne'sts; èöarse cloths, cotton-yarn, saltéd eggs,'
d in d in g , g a m b i r , and : oil : the principal imports are -opium (which the inhabitants
are unfortunately much addicted " to ),'/ceyw p è l é t , biétbl-fiuf, ivetryj gold, and silver/'
Th é Bâlians dislike a séàTaring life, and hold th e profession o f à merchant in disrepute.
Their fairs and markets are few and little frequented. The trade' that wàs' at
oiie'timé carried On with the greatest success wâr thè "traffic in sla^eèv THë lisüal price
o f a mâle slave was from ten to thirty dollam,& o f a female from fifty to one hundred.
This disgraceful traffic, it may be hoped, will soon be entirely annihilated. While it
existed
* For a representation of a matchlock manufactured ou Balt, see plate of Javan weapons.
existed in its-full-vigour,' all prisoners taken in war, all who attempted to evade the
laws -by emigration, all insolvent-debtors,, and a certain class-of thieves, were subjected
to the-sad cbnditibfrof yslavery.t These laws.stilli subsist* end are enforced, ,as formerly,
for the purpose >of. procuring .the; hornet supply ; but the diminution..o f the,foreign
demand must limit exceedingly their, exercise, and in .a, short time ameliorate the state
o f-the unhappy1 individuals'who had’ sufferedvby' them.*,
h;; B u t the most interesting characteriof the Balians arises out of: the flame o f their
government, the ’^raei o f their laws, and the1 sysfemGof.their -religion.. I .have,-. in lone
part o f this work, particularly described, and in others;, repeatedly alluded to,, the
,-traces of.Hinduism on J a v a ; and if thesc''traces>'had not been decided afld .manifestin
"themselves, th e ir ’interpretation! wouldbaVe-. been rendered manifest by what occurs„in
"Bdli;
In Bali not more than’©n'e| in • two.hundred, if ^ many, are Mahometans, and.the
great-body o f-the pedple profess th e creed and observe th e institutions o f a religioh
which has become extinct in the rest o f the Archipelago. On Java we find Hinduism
onlyrami'd the ruins o f temples, images, and'dnscriptions• v t h e laws, ideas,
and worship o f the people. On Java this singular and-interesting system • o f rdigio.n
' S 'g ^ i'^ lM fT . :■ .... .. .is.
JAJH-avmg repeatedly had.oecasion, in th e course o f this work,, to advejrt'.to ,.the sieve trad e,,‘end! the sewegs
. whence the supplies of slaves wcr.e obtained,^ $ may no(t be un m t (: lc spngdehntr.o ujxc()to the peadey.a native of
Papua from his country in the.courseiof .i1
plate came into my service at Bdlt under Haayfpecdlidrlireumstancesjaiid haaBccbm'napied mmmo England. ~ femce
h lja p fv a l'h e h a s’e x d t e d '^ m ^ O T ^ ^ 's » ' being‘-the' $ m t X ^ ^ ^ * i ^ ^ w ^ ^ S ® lr a & t e 1BaWek Asia
whotK&b'eqvbrought'to this country. : ft'.is, k n ow n /ih a t on the - Malayan Eenihanla,, in buconra,' BomeJ^ dpd
.most of the larger islands of the E astern Seas, thf-rfi.fYic, occasionally found .in tlie mountainous ^racts,e^catterCd
race Qf-blacky from the-resr of the PoPtnatinn. sotm,- rn v s p inr^iveq-trrtavr ti, folf emr>rT»,. p ra ^ ng ,
these countries ; others considering them as of the African racey W d u ;^ ^ Jn riiiip ro oK d t an eaily and* extensive
■intercourse between Africa and these'islands.' I shall content myself ‘vdtii'ebservitig,' th a t they: appear a t ’the
present day to form the bulk ofrrhe-popidatiou o f Papua o r N ew Guinea.'/ /rherfollswiug remarksfripbli '(SeViliilyj-
dual now in England, whom we sometimes call Papua, .and,sometimes (more to his satisfaction) Dick, were obij-
igingjy commgnieatqd to mp_by Sir E veiardHome, j B a r t l . ,,
“ The Papuan differs fi 8m the African negro in the following particular3. Hibslrin i s of a lighter colour the
“ woolly hair grews insmall tufts'ap'd each hail- has a spiral twist. The forehead' rises h ig h er,' air d' th w^miipK&ad
« -is n ot so much cut oaf. .The nofe projects m ore from -the face. 'The-upperjlipdsflongfenanddBor-dpkriigntSfijK'iSfce
flower Jip projects forward from th e lower'jawfo^uch.-an.extentithatithelelrpn.forms no part of the.face, -the
IU towex part of whichis formed lqr the mouth. -3(hebuttocks are so much lower than in the negro as;tpiform a
“ the c a f of, the leg is as high as in the negro.”
V Gouto on die 3d chapter of .the 3d hook .of the 4:th Jiecada, gives an account of .tiuxujscavery .0f rdlapua jbj ponn.
Jorge de Menegei^ahg^Jhe.year_ 1 i f 33jtiviro,.tirha^aim wasjhurried^Jy a strong cuTi-eptiwith'.extraQrrjr-
navy rapidity to theicastward, until lie arrived at a coimti-y inhabited by a race as black as negroes, o r tin natives
of the southern coastrdf Africa, from the Cape of Good Hopeto Mosamhigue, they visited the king on snore, who
was as Blackvas,the othCTit1'- '
The monsoon detained Meneges here some months, diu-ing which time he had a friendly intercourse wish, the
natives, who bebamp^very familiar, supplyiyg.-him in h artar :with w'hat.'hefW-aujtcdjj but-they-infpnneshhim.thatin
the interior there were%enWhp e a t n u ^ ^ ^ ^ h r , '
“ Here,” says lie, “ our people saw both men and women as white and as fair as Germans, and on asking
“ how thosepeople were called; fheysMswered ‘ P4puas,’ and on"account of the little knowledge wincm we hadlatty
cl that timeof the country; we 'cbhcltidetl that the)pwere islands, "But’froin what we afterwards 'u'dderstbGd, ‘th is-; ,1
“ must be the country which Marco P o lo jitfe Venetian,!^ i l £ hechac,' andtwhich he says is
APPENDIX
E.
Government,
laws, &c.