Àl>PiapîX o r Bûgis people Agreements once’en te red into a re invariably Observe?!, • and a B ig fy
is n ev e r known to swerve from his b argain. ' I T h a t n a tu ra l politeness,' which charac-
térisès the various hations distinguished by wearing what is' term ed the Malayan Am*,
jS n0 where more forcibly' exhibited th an among the inhabitants ó f Celebes! T h e ir
ïn in o r associations a re h eld ' to g eth e r b y a ll th e attachment and Warmth which distingu
ish ed th e clans o f N o rth B rita in :—the" same bold sp irit o f independence and en terp
rise distinguishes th e lower orders, whilst th e p rid e o f -ancéstry an d th e rom a n c e 'h f
Chivalry a re th e d elight of th e h ig h er classes. Attached to th e chase as an amuses
ment, r a th e r th an as th e means o f Subsistence, th e 'h a rv e s t is n o soonerTeaped, than
each feudal lo rd /W ith his associates _an d followers,-devotes himself^tif its pursuits.
T h é p o p u latio n being equally a t th e command o f th e feudal lord,, whether ift time o f
pèacè o r w a r, a g ric u ltu ra l p u rsu its, beyond a b a re subsistence;1 kre b u t little-atten d ed
t o / ’ O n th e o th er h an d , they a re th ro u g h o u t notorious thieves, an d scarcêfy consider
m u rd e r as n trimfe.1 ‘ In stan ces Üf'fcold-bïö'oded barbarous' murders frequently’ toccUfred
Within two miles o f th e 'E u ro p e a n fo rt, previously to the a rriv a l o f th e B ritish Sand
th e abolition o f th e slave tra d e . T h e u n fo rtu n a te -p eo p le who h a d been k idnapped
an d b ro u g h t down to Makdsar for sale, were often murdered to p rev en t discovery
where a ready sale was n o t found. - 1 . " '
| h fan y o f th e ir customs' arfe also e x trem e ly savage. T h e heath o f a n enemy - o f
ta n k is invariably severed from th e dead body; a n d instances h av e m ore th an bncê
b ccu rred o f the h e a rt being c u t o u t and eaten b y 'th e " c o n q u e ro rs .^T b e y arfe fond o f
th e blood an d raw flesh o f animals?* L a z o a r d a r n , whickis- the liver a n d h e a r t of- a
d eer cu t in to slices an d mixed raw with the warm blood,, is esteemed th eir favourite
dish. ■ ' V ' .
Th e p resen t form o f government in a ll th e statesj e’xcept Wtiju*,’Iappears to bfe
-legal, fettered by a powerful.,aristocracy who elect th e m o n arch : in~Luwu, p a r t i e s
la rly th e sovereign possesses a title , with m ore pomp and state attached-to it than any
Other on th e island, b u t with scarcely a shadow o f authority. In Sédêndr&tg-he is-the
m o st depotic, which has en ab led him to become th e richest an d best aru jed .prince in
th e island. A species o f feudal system prevails th roughout, b u t i t does not ex ten d tb
pro p erty in the; soil- E a ch individual o f a state cênsif(ePè -himself th e liege subject
o f some p e tty chieftain, jwho is himself equally b ound to a more powèrM'.one, an d so
on, by a reg u la r chain, to th e sovereigns o f -Gd«,' (Makó-Mur), B6m, X j&w u , ■Sójping,
Sedéndring, or Tanks, o r to th e aristocracy o f Wdju. 4 - :
I n each sovereignty there a re -two c la s s e s'o f nobility, ■callèd1 ■ P a s e q jd n g 'a n and
P a l é l é . T h e P a s e a j& n g 'a n a re the barons o f th e state, and may b e considered i n
every respect as subjects, b e in g obliged to obey a ll orders th ey receive from th è sove*
re ig n , whereas th e P a l é l é a re independent p e tty chieftains (who have probably again
u n d e r them both P a s e a j& n g 'a n an d P a l é l é ) , who have attached themselves to a p a rticu
la r sovereign, b u t a re only obliged, to do fixed feudal services, such as to assist
'With th eir followers in case o f war, to attend th e public feasts.given by the sovereign,
a n d to assist in building an d rep a irin g the palace o f state. I n S b p i n g each P a l é l é is
obliged
obliged to furnish and keep"up- a t all times one-effective-’soldier,7 called jaa, for the
immediate protection o f the sovereign’.; i r
When the» sovereign wishestito'igive 'orders' to his iPeléléf h e summon# him to his
presence by a messenger-.who bears a bila-bila; th e bila-biïa' i s ’ à le a f o f th e Itmtar
with a number- o f knots on! it, -specifying th e number o f days ’ 'at th e e x p ira fiö riö f
which th e vassal is required' to atten d . TMkPèUU receives it seated in th e midst o f
his-head people, With his right-hand on.the handle o f his kris, and as sóon' às he has
g o t it-rises, draws his-Arâ, an d swears -on i f t o be fkithfol- to h is'sovereign;1 T o néglect'
this summons is a breach o f allegiance.
T h e -provinces u n d er' European- authority’-'a re p u rely feudal ; thfefDutcb; as sovereign,
considering themselves-as sole p ro p rie to r o f the so il,‘and th e'reg en ts, or feudal
lords, being a t a ll times liable to immediate removal and dispossession, should they
n eg le c t to perform th e feudal:service required, of Whatever n a tu re l# m ay be,
r T h e sovereign is chosen from-the ro y al stock-;by a certain number- o f counsellors,
who also possess the rig h t Of subsequently removihg' 'him ; an d such is th e ir influence,1
th a t th e sovereign can . neither-go to 'w a r o r adopt ' a!ny'public méasure, ■ éxcëjbt in
concert with them. T h ey have th e charge o f the public tre a su re , and also appoint the
prime minister. T h e prince cannot himself tak e th e personal command o f th e army
b u t th e usage o f the country admits o f-a temporary resignation o f ôfficè‘’for th i# p u rpose,
In which case a reg en t succeeds provisionally to th e ran k o f chiefj and carries on
th e affairs o f government, in »concert with th e majority -of'thecouncil. ’Women an d ’
minors may be elected to any office o f the- s ta te ; and when this takes 'place,y a h adds*
tional officer, having a title which lite ra lly means a support or p ro p ,' is' appointed'fo
âS§fs%rj.-
. fn Boni the prince is elected by the Orang-pitu, o r seven h e red ita ry cOifosfellOrs: I n
Gûa(Makâsary th e prince is' chosen iby''ten counsellors^1 o f 'whom the’’first' minister,1
termed Bechâra Buta, is o n e ; this last officer' is himself ap p o in te d 'b y th e co u n c il o f
nine, termed-the-nine standards o f-th e country,' b u t in th e exercise o f his office possesses
very! extraordinary powers : it is said he can remove th e sovereign fiim's^lfy arid1
call upon th e electors to make an o th er choice. T h e inferior ; chffi:fr,'* ôr-*,/frynVis, who1
administer the dependent provinces, a re appointed by the government,’ and n o t elected'
by a,, council, although- in th e exercise ofrtheir.- office1 th e ir p ower is in lik e manner
limited ; the number of. th e council varying in different states: •. W h en the' p rince in
council has decided upon war, the assembled chiefs* afte r sprinkling th eir bannéré*
with blood, proceed to tak e a solemn oath, by dipping th e ir • irises in to ' à vessel o f
water, and afterwards dancing around the blood-stained banner, w ith ’ frantic’ gestuife'
and a strange and savage contortion o f the - b o d y an d limbs, so”as-te give fhe extended’
kris a tremulous motion, each severally imprecating th e vengeance o f th e deify against'
bis person,- if h e violates his vow to exterminate the enemy, to conquer or diet '
T h e proportion--of the crop whichi falls to th e share o f th e - landlord- h as a lre ad y '
been stated. I n some;districts a sixth, and; in others a ten th , belongs-to the sové-’
reign ; b u t in g eneral the landlord, th e capitalist, and the cultivator, may be con-
S a sidered
Revenue.