APPENDIX.
Ü ■
QunaiEj ,JEi£. Burgeon, o t j l i s Majesty's 78th Regiment, - on the
,■ JorejiimtqgjTiihie.
When tbet8th, regiment first ^rriyed ^t Java,, the man had. b.een-long confined on
beard ship, .living on salt piovisions’,Jtfnd^wnre a’fterwa^asf'exposed, not only to the
fatigues and privations incident.ta_-actual warfar&^but SlsoAo the irmlembrifiy of/the
weather in a tropical climate. All" fliesè' causes produced a tendency to disease, and
when the regiment arrived at Surabaya the quarters 'were (bad ;, and beiog-in the middle
of the town, free accesS could at all times he had to spirituous liquors. J ïh ’e number
crf-dtsewseseed -of casualties was consequently.great ; but At diminished gradually, as
the men were, successively accommodated with iglmd' barracks at lùe The
whole were comfortably lodgpcLip plastered barracks in March qr^Aprilplnj-â-, .and in
May and the following month a very sensible redaction of. deaths took place, as may
be seen by^the abstracts of those months. During the Januaryj
February, 'Mâréhj aiid April, the deaths were numerous, butyhd.greater proportion
was among the men of a detachment of about two hundred men that mined; in January,
and continued to. be .very sickly during those four months. Aimost all the men of this
detachment had, when attacked, violent diseases.
A very remarkable instance of the bad effects of exposure' to" night -air [smile
asleep, occurred when part o f the regiment was^sent, in, September J8I4, from Welle-
vreeden. to Chemangs, where ;the barracks were built -of watt-led bamboos, and the
Hieii laying with their heads to the wall5? received the encrent of a ir directly ip - their
heads. Fifty were seined with a highly inflammatory fever in the course -of' three idayg-.
Delirium was always'the first sy^ptom ®-ej\^m|hse,- and to bleed
several olf them largely before they could be sent to the hospital. By referring .fo.the
returns it will be seen that almost every increase Of sickness happened after Talhhange
of quarters, as in the detaohujppt.abovementioned, and after the^perfipyal.of 'uhétre-
giment from Suràbâyâ to thg'arang and Sirondol in October 1813, after the expedition
to Saliat Wéltevreeden in June 18*14, and ta'.XÎhemangis in September 1*814.
An increase of sickness always took place after the-use .of spirituous liquors bn par-
ticular holidays, as Christmas, &c. ; and on the contrary, • the good effects of not
êxpbs'ing'the men to morning dews or wet,' and of regularity in diet, may"be Seen in
the heafftbiiiess o f the raiment after She -men got Settled in good barracks a t Surabaya
and Weltevreeden. __
Java ’need" n'o'longer he held up as the grave of Europeans, for .except in the
immediate neighbourhood of salt marshes and forests, as in the city of Batavia and
two or three other places on the north coast, it may be Safely affirmed that no -tropical
climate is superior‘tb’l t ih salubrity. By its insular situation, .the temperature of the
atmosphere is low and equable., and from its lofty mountains it possesses this great
-advantage^ that in a few hours travelling a climate of any degree of cold may be
found. '
APPENDIX
APPENDIX Ü
JAPAN TRADE. •*
T h e Em p ire o f Ja p an has for a lo n g period adopted and c arried with effect a ll the
exclusive maxims of'C h in e se policy, withta'idegrse of rigour-unknown even in Ch in a
itsClf. Previously to th e expMsio p 'o f-th e'Po rtu g u ese and th e ex tirp atio n a f ChFistia-
jn ty ih 'th e ll«U e f lpa¥t of- th e »seventeenth century,' the Jap an ese trad e was. reckoned b y
far the' most'-advantageous -which oeqld-be p ursued in the EqSt; an d very- much superior
to e ith e r th e Indian or Chinese1 trad e ;1 Aftfer the'expdMom o f th e Po rtu g u ese, a very
extensive trad e 'wa&fbr some time-permitted to be c arried o n 'b y th e D utch, on- a’ccount
o f thhrJbenefits which the1 Ja p an e se iniagined themselves to have received from th a t
nation - d arin g th e P o rtu g u ese war, ,Jan‘d '«specially khe" detection b f a formidable' conspiracy
th e Jap an e se 'P rin c e s to -dethrone7 th e Em p e ro r, th e correspondence
re]atiVeftti1 which w a s tnferoepieid afuSeaS-trlt was for these services th a t th e Dutch o riginally
p ro cu re d the imperial* edfc$T By wmfefr'.they 'w e rm ^ p ^ tn itt^ i& ig a 'd e rfo Jap an ,
to the’exciiisioTi bf all other E uropean nat-ibni/. 'T h is public'act o f th eir an c esto rs,'th e
Jap an ese have rep e a ted ly declared! th at th ey will~n»f c an ce l; .bu& they-have done every
th in g buff-formally -eanpel' it'jufbr a. rabreT (limited and less fre e trad e never was c arried
rich’motion with another.* -‘F o r more th an M lf a .c e n tu ry , i£he Du tch tra d e
M s b eenAimlted to 'two yearly ships from Batavia, uthe --cargodsJof b o th -of which
-searc'Chy everiexceeded th e v a lu e o f 300,«GO' d ollars, .and th eir only .profitable return!!
l i e J a p a n -c o p p e r'a u d - a small' qu an tity o f camphor." T o shew thetoselvfesumpartiai
i n -th’eir restrictions, the Ja p an e s e have lim ited th e .traffic o f th e Chinese, th e only
fekstern nation'whom''they suffer do trad e with -them a t a ll j 'i r ih s im i la r m anner to th a t
o f th e Dutch,-'and the^ suffer no more than tefi Chinese ju n k s to {visit1 Nangasa/d in
th e y ear. T h e tra d e o f those two favoured n ations is 'a'lsd’limitbd to 'th e p o rt of
fflangasaki.
( ' l B pursuance of their, .exclusive • maxims, and conformably to the terms Of their
agreement with the Dutch,Mhe Japanese have^On every occaSiohj -followed an uniform
line of conduct, and r^ectddj in the most peremptory manner, thWarious overtures
of different nations of Europe, refusing equailyfo have-any intercourse, uegociation,
or coiSmerce with any of them, f t mu9t-‘also>'!BS'':ffdmitte(l, that the whole foreign
trade of Japany compared with the riches of the ‘country, is-absolutely trifling; nor
is there any -'rich - hr. powerful body of them, like the Hong ■merehaiitS at Ehina, at aT
interested in its continuance. The yearly presents,'whether offered to the'Govemor
b f Wangasaki or th e ‘Emperor,' are of:no-'great value, and rigidly limited by law and
usage!
* i f or the regulations by which the Oracle isJimitedy .see Xempster’s Hieto/y ;0fJ Japan.
APPENDIX.
w
General observations.