“ ringgit” (the Malay word for dollar) for silver, and “ mas”
for gold. The Papuan group of languages appear to he distinguished
by harsher combinations of letters, and by monosyllabic
words ending in a consonant, which are rarely or never found in
the Malay group. Some of the tribes who are decidedly of
Malay race, as the people of Ternate, Tidore, and Batchian, speak
languages which are as decidedly of a Papuan type ; and this,
I believe, arises from their having originally immigrated to these
islands in small numbers, and by marrying native women acquired
a considerable portion of their language, which later arrivals of
Malays were obliged to learn and adopt if they settled in the
country. As I have hardly mentioned in my narrative some of
the names of the tribes whose languages are here given, I will
now give a list of them, with such explanatory remarks as I may
think useful to the ethnologist, and then leave the vocabularies
to speak for themselves.
LIST OF VOCABULARIES COLLECTED.
Those marked * are lost.
1- Malay.— The common colloquial Malay as spoken in
Singapore; written in the Arabic character.
2. Javanese.—Low or'colloquial. Javanese as spoken in
Java; written in a native character.
*3. Sassak.—Spoken by the indigenes of Lomboek, who are
Mahometans, and of a pure Malay race.
*4. Macassar.—Spoken in the district of Southern Celebes,
near Macassar; written in a native character. Mahometans.
*5- Bugis.—Spoken over a large part of Southern Celebes ;
written in a native character distinct from, that of Macassar.
Mahometans.
6. Bouton.—Spoken in Boutong, a large island south of
Celebes. Mahometans.
7. Salayer.—Spoken in Salayer, a smaller island south of
Celebes. Mahometans.
*8. Tomore.—Spoken in the eastern peninsula of Celebes,
and in Batchian, by emigrants who have settled there. Pagans.
Note.—The people who speak these five languages of Celebes
are of pure Malayan type, and (all but the last) are equal in
civilization to the true Malays.
*9. Tomohon; *10. Langowen.—Villages on the plateau
of Minahasa.
*11. Ratahan ; *12. Belang.—Villages near the south-east
coast of Minahasa. *13. Tanawanko.—On the west coast.
*14- Kema.—On the east coast. *15. Bantek.—A suburb
of Menado.
16. Menado.—The chief town. 17. Bolang-hitam.—A
village on the north-west coast, between Menado and Iicoupang.
These nine languages, with many others, are spoken in the
north-west peninsula of Celebes, by the people called Alfuros,
who are of Malay race, and seem to have affinities with the
Tagalas of the Philippines through the Sanguir islanders. These
languages are falling into disuse, and Malay is becoming the
universal means of communication. Most of the people are
being converted to Christianity.
18. Sanguir Islands and Siau. — Two groups of islands
between Celebes and the Philippines. The inhabitants wear a
peculiar costume, consisting of a loose cotton gown hanging from
the neck nearly to the feet. They resemble, physically, the
peQple of Menado.
19. Salibabo Islands, also called Talaut. — This vocabulary
was given me from memory by Captain Vanderbeck.
See page 7 6.
20. Sula Islands.—These are situated east of Celebes, and
their inhabitants seem to be Malays of the Moluccan type, and
are Mahometans.
21. Cajeli; 22. Wayapo ; 23. Massaratty.—These are