inches high, or eight inches less than the Malays ; whereas
the Papuans are decidedly taller than the Malays. The
nose is invariably represented as small, flattened, or
turned up at the apex, whereas the most universal character
of the Papuan race is to have the nose prominent
and lai ^ e, with the apex produced downwards, as it is
invariably represented in their own rude idols. The hair
of these dwarfish races agrees with that of the Papuans,
but so it does with that of the negroes of Africa. The
Negritos and the Semangs agree very closely in physical
characteristics with each other and with the Andaman
Islanders, while they differ in a marked manner from
every Papuan race.
A careful study of these varied races, comparing
them with those of Eastern Asia, the Pacific Islands,
and Australia, has led me to adopt a comparatively
simple view as to their origin and affinities.
If we draw a line (see Physical Map, Vol. I. p. 14),
commencing to the east of the Philippine Islands, thence
along the western coast of Gilolo, through the island of
Bouru, and curving round the west end of Elores, then
bending back by Sandalwood Island to take in Rotti,
we shall divide the Archipelago into two portions, the
races of which have strongly marked distinctive peculiarities.
This line will separate the Malayan and all the
Asiatic races, from the Papuans and all that inhabit the
Pacific; and though along the line, of junction intermigration
and commixture have taken place, yet the division
is on the whole almost as well defined and strongly
contrasted, as is the corresponding zoological division
of the Archipelago, into an Indo-Malayan and Austro-
Malayan region.
I must briefly explain the reasons that have led me
to consider this division of the Oceanic races to be a true
and natural one. The Malayan race, as a whole, undoubtedly
very closely resembles the East Asian populations,
from Siam to Mandchouria, I was much struck
with this, when in the island of Bali I saw Chinese
traders who had adopted the costume of that country,
and who could then hardly be distinguished from Malays.;
aud, on the other hand, I have seen natives of Java who,
as far as physiognomy was concerned, would pass very
well for Chinese. Then, again, we have the most typical
of the Malayan tribes inhabiting , a portion of the Asiatic
continent itself, together with those great islands which,
possessing the same species of large Mammalia with the
adjacent parts of the continent, have in all probability
formed a connected portion of Asia during the human
period. The Negritos are, no doubt, quite a distinct race
from the Malay; but yet, as some' of them inhabit a
portion of the continent, and others the Andaman Islands
in the Bay of Bengal, they must be considered to have