which alone has any place in history. What may be called
the true Malay races, as distinguished from others who
have merely a Malay element in their language, present a
considerable uniformity of physical and mental characteristics,
while there are very great differences of civilization
and of language. They consist of four great, and a few
minor semi-civilized tribes, and a number of others who
may be termed savages. The Malays proper inhabit the
Malay peninsula, and almost all the coast regions of
Borneo and Sumatra. They all speak the Malay language,
or dialects of i t ; they write in the Arabic character, and
are Mahometans in religion. The Javanese inhabit Java,
part of Sumatra, Madura, Bali, and part of Lombock.
They speak the Javanese and Kawi languages, which
they write in a native character. They are now Mahometans
in Java, but Brahmins in Bali and Lombock. The
Bugis are the inhabitants of the greater parts of Celebes,
and there seems to be an allied people in Sumbawa. They
speak the Bugis and Macassar languages, with dialects, and
have two different native characters in which they write
these. They are all Mahometans. The fourth great race
is that of the Tagalas in the Philippine Islands, about
whom, as I did not visit those Islands, I shall say
little. Many of them are now Christians, and speak
Spanish as well as their native tongue, the Tagala. The
Moluccan-Malays, who inhabit chiefly Ternate, Tidore,
Batchian, and Amboyna, may be held to form a fifth
division of semi-civilized Malays. They are all Mahometans,
but they speak a variety of curious languages,
which seem compounded of Bugis and Javanese, with the
languages of the savage tribes of the Moluccas.
The savage Malays are the Dyaks of Borneo; the
Battaks and other wild tribes of Sumatra ; the Jakuns of
the Malay Peninsula ; the aborigines of Northern Celebes,
of the Sula island, and of part of Bouru.
The colour of all these varied tribes is a light reddish
brown, with more or less of an olive tinge, not varying in
any important degree over an extent of country as large as
all Southern Europe. The hair is equally constant, being
invariably black and straight, and of a rather coarse texture,
so that any lighter tint, or any wave or curl in it,
is an almost certain proof of the admixture of some foreign
blood. The face is nearly destitute of beard, and the
breast and limbs are free from hair. The stature is
tolerably equal, and is always considerably below that oi
the average European; the body is robust, the breast well
developed, the feet small, thick, and short, the hands small
and rather delicate. The face is a little broad, and inclined
to be fla t; the forehead is. rather rounded, the brows
low, the eyes black and very slightly oblique ; the nose is
rather small, not prominent, but straight and well-shaped,
the apex a little rounded, the nostrils broad and slightly