as turning out o f the way with Socrates, and fitting down by
Enneacrunus and the Iliflus, above the eroding over to the temple
o f Diana Agrgea, In thé dialogue entitled Lyfis, Socrates pafs-
ing from the Academy to the Lyceum by the way without the
wall, and coming to the gate, where was the fountain of Panops,
difeovers over againft the wall an inclofure with an open gate,
which was a palaeftra or place for exercifes lately built. This
probably belonged to Cynofarges.' In another dialogue, going
out of the city to Cyno&rges, and approaching the Iliflus, he
fees. Clinias running toward Calirhoe, turns but o f the way to
meet him, and accompanies him, the way by the wall1, to a
houfe near the ftoniaa gate \
T he Lyceum. was beyond the Iliflus, and the eroding over
is below that which led, to the temple of Diana Agrgea. The
flte is now marked by a well and a church, and many-large
Rones fcattered about. Cynofarges was not far from the Lyceum,
and perhaps on the feme fiRe of the Iliflus as th^ city, where is
now a garden near this. bed, and by the road. The artificial
currents o f water having ceafed, the environs o f Athens are
become, except near Enneacrunus, more hare and rialced than
they were even after the devaftations o f Philip and Sylla.
* Th e Itonian gate was by.Jthc piHar of the Amazon. In an acqpnnt'/of'thé
battle- of-Thefeus With the Amazons i f rs related* that tbeleft wjng of their army
was toward the Atnaztméam ; andfhe?right toward Pnyx ^ nwx*
Xpira* ixat ',) t^at off this fide, the Athenians,, who engagedfram the Mufeum
•were repulfed, and that, the tombsg, of the /lain yrere by the broad-way leading to
Dipylön, probably from the A^ótaj Trot m tW T T O attacked 'ftbtn‘thé'
Palladium, Ardettos, and the sLye&im drove theènérffy to theit pampij aad that
the pillar by the temple of Tellus-Olympia was placed over the Amazon^ who
lived with Thefeos, and is generally called Antiope. Faufanias informs us that
the goddefs-finnamedDlympja,ha4 a.fapred. p^ip^uathi» -tbe»walj pf the QJynjpie-
uffi; that the monument of Antiope wa^ by the entrance of thé city from Phalerum*
and that the Athenians had alfo.a tomb of Molpadia, another* Amazon, by vthom
fhe wasflain.
The n^hument by the City-gate -comltlg from, the Piraeus, ofi which Paufanias
fays, thidfhe did.not..know to whpm.it belonged, wag probably the heroupv of
Cbdlcodon, for that, is mentioned-as nëar the Piraean gate. Aegeus, father of
Thefeus, efpoufed his daughter, Meurfus 4tt, 1773. De rggibut, 4th.
pi' i f 08.’
C H A P . XXIV.
— Manner of-entrance — CkiraBer and extinction o f the Philo*
fophers— Ruin o f the Univerfity.
A TH ENS maintained under the Romans its reputation for
philofophy and eloquence,: and continued, though fubdued, the
metropolis of teaming, the fehool of art, theuentre^f tafte and
genius. The Gymnafia and the gardens of the Ph£ofoPher®
were decorated with the capital works o f eminent maftem and
ftili frequented. The fierce warrior was captivated by Greece
and. Science, and Athens humanized and pohihed the conquerors
o f the world. But Sylla greatly injured the city, by transporting
to Rome the public Library, which had been founded by
Pififtratus, carefully augmented by the peqite, R H g i R i
Xerxes into Perfia, and reftored long after by Seteucus Nmam*.
The fpirit o f learning drooped on the lofs; and t e _
youth ƒ under Tiberius, were font to ftudy atMarfeltes.mft ,
©f Athens. Even there the barbarous Gauls jo&ed m the p -
8 8 of Eloquence, and Philofophy. The Sophi , ^ w e a | | |
Phyfician, was hired to fettte among them j and the nation was
civilized by the Greek city.
T he emperor Hadrian embellished Athens with a nobte
library and a new Gymnafium, and mftorwl feience to i s
antient feat. Lollianus, an EpMten, was; M «»fed to ^ e
high dignity of the fcphiftical throne, which ^as aft^ward
filted by Atticus Herodes, and. by other eminent
perfonZ The numher of profeffors was mereafed by An.t0Iu^ 8
the philofopher, who had ftudied under Hero es., ®
■ bHfhment confined o f thirteen j two Platonifts, as many er
patetics, Stoics, and Epicureans, with two R h e to r im n s .^