C o in s .
T a g a r a .
felicity, determined to quit the ftage before a change fhould
happen to embitter his laft (lavs. At Athens, according to the
cuftom o f his country, he devoted himfelf to the funeral pile,
and, with a fmiling countenance, faw the flames furround him.
On his tomb was infcribed — “ z a p m a n o x h p a x i n a o s Ano
BAPrOSHS K A T A T A I7A T P IA IN A i lN E 0H E A T T O N A I IO 0 A N A -
T I E A S K E IT A I , Here lies Z a r m o n o c h a g a s an I n d i a n from
B a r g o s a , who, according to the cuftom o f the country o f the
I n d i a n s , put an end to his exiftence.”
N u m b e r s o f antient drachma have been found here, infcribed
with Greek letters, and the names of Apollodotes, and of Menander,
king o f Ba&ria *, who alfo reigned in this part o f India,
and had, among other conquefts,. added Pattalena to his former
dominions. He was fo beloved by his fubjeCts, that on his death
there was a violent conteft among feveral cities, which o f them
ihould have the honor o f poflefling his body. The matter was
compromifed by burning it, and dividing the aihes among the
rival parties.
T h e internal commerce o f Barygaza in early times was- as
great as its naval. It carried on a vaft trade with a great city,
called Pagara, the preient Dowlatabad, oxDiogbir, about ten days
journey, or a hundred miles to the fouth fouth-eaft o f the former
t. To this city was brought, from all parts o f the Deccan,
every object o f commerce, and from thence in carts conveyed
to Barygaza, over fteep aftd lofty mountains, meaning the
eaftern or Balagaut chain. About two thoufand years ago
it was the metropolis o f a vaft diftridt, called Ariaca, which
* Menander was cotemporary with Antiochus the great. f Arrian. Mar. Erythr. ii. 171.
comprecomprehended
the modern Aurangabad, quite to the fea at
Bombay, and,the lhores o f Concan. Nor was this kingdom
or Rajajhip totally extinguifhed till the time of Shah Jeban,
who terminated his reign in 1658 *.
P l u t h a n a was another coeval town of commerce, which
had confiderable intercourfe with Barygaza : The roads to it
were over the fame mountains, but the diftance greater, being
a journey o f twenty days, or two hundred and feventeen miles.
This city was on the fite o f the prefent Pultanah, a little to the
north of the river Godavery, in Long. 76° 2' weft, and Lat. 19° jf§
Barygaza was alfo a port to Nehrwaleb, a place I have defcribed
at P- 55- I fhall here add nothing more than that the intervening
was a carriage road, and quite level.
T h e city of Barocbia ftands on a riling ground, furrounded
with walls ; it is walhed by the Nerbudda, the antient Na-
madus. In the wars waged by Aurengzebe, in 1660, againft
his brothers, it lided with the latter. After a flout reliftance,
he took the place, put part of the citizens to the fword, and
rafed part of the walls, which he afterwards reftored. It is now
inhabited by weavers, and other manufafturers of cotton ; the
neighborhood producing the beft in the world. Nature feems Fme Cottons.
to have furnilhed the hot climates with the cotton plant, in preference
to flax or hemp ; the manufacture o f the former beintOr
far preferable in the torrid zone to linen. Cotton quickly ab-
forbs the perfpiratiori. Linen is notorious for remaining long
wet, uncomfortable, and dangerous.
* See Lieut. Wilford’s curious difquifition on Tagafa. Afiatic Refearches, i. p. 364
to 375. ^ >
T h e