Armenia, contains four districts, 96
, temperature of, 97 ■ -----, climate of, 97 ■ -----, grain and fruits of, 97
, exports of, 98
-, mountain scenery, 98
, contribution to Pompey, 98
, manufactures of, 98
, houses and social state of, 99
, towns of, 99
, countries bordering upon, 10 1
, ancient geography of, 10 1
... —, its advantages, 10 1
— , ancient boundaries and limits, by
Pliny, 101
•---- , divisions of, 10 1
, well watered, 270
----, the traditional site of the Garden of
Eden, 267
, gold in, 277.
Armenian character, 99
cities of the first class, 10 2
—— gates (near the Issus), 383, 384
Armenians converted to Christianity, 100
subdued by the Babylonians, Assyrians,
Medes, Parthians, &c., 100
, descent of the, 10 1
-— r-, figure, dress, &c., of the, 372
, patriarchal authority among the,
372
----- , religion of the, 372
, fundamental doctrines of the, 373
in Syria, population of the, 558
Armenius, or Ormenius, Mount, now Durna
Yaila-si (on the borders of Kastamuni),288
Armeno Chalybes, or Cushdim territory
(near the Black Sea), 94
Armotloo, ruins (pashalik of Moola), 341
Armud Beli Tagh and sources of the Kara
gechid-su, 298
Arnon, river (southern border of El Belka),
515, 518
Arpah su (tributary of the Buyuk Men-
dereh), 297
Arpah-chai', or Harpassus, river (tributary
of the Aras), 8, 9, 145,152
Arpah-chai the Great (in Erfvan province),
146
Ar Ras, village (on the western Orontes),
394
Arsace (now A’zaz), 422
Arsacia (in Media Magna) 218
Arsoe, ancient people of Arabia Felix, 657
Arsilf, once Apollonia (in Samaria), 490
Arsus, ruins on the western shore (of Issus),
409
Artacana, ancient city, 210
Artacoana, city (probably Herat), 166
Artaxata, first class city (of Armenia), 102
Artaxerxes restores the religion of Zoroaster,
85
Artemita, a chief town (of Assyria Proper),
120
Artillery, specimen of the earliest kind at
Aleppo, 434
Arte and sciences of the Arabs, 690
Artsak’h, or Arzakh (province of Armenia), 102 I '
Arudh, village (of Dliorra district) of
’Oman, 644
Arul, village (in Aleppo district), 419
Aryn, village in Abybda (district of
Yemen J, 615
Arzlin Tagh,(near the valley of Amisiyah),
287
As, Beni, tribe (coast of Belad ser), 646
Asad Toba (Himyaritic king of Yemen)],
604 I * .
Asas Amir, river (tributary of the Tigris),
25
Ascalon, or Askulan, a s&trapy (of the
Philistines), 539
Ascania lake (in Bithynia), 323, 337
Asha, or El Ah’sa, or Lahissa (province of
Arabia), 645
, features and subdivisions of, 650
lllll™ , breed of horses in, 650
, population of the capital, 650
Ashdod, or Esdud, the Azotus of the Romans,
492
, (satrapy of the Philistines), 539
’Ashik wa Ma ’shukah, ruins (in Mesopotamia),
56
Ashriful Bolaud (now Kandahar), 166
Ashtaroth, or El Mezareib (on the plain of
the Haouran), 511
Ashuck Mashook, ruins (south-eastward of
Aleppo), 415
Ashur, A1 Athur, or Nimrud (below Mosul),
probably Larissa and Resen, 21,103,
120
’Asi, Nahr el, springs of the Orontes, 454
Asia, derivation of the name, 284
Minor, gold and silver in, 277
, importance and historical interest,
283
«"-■ ancient remains, 283
, extent and position of, 284, 357
, features of, 284
mountain chains of, 285
, the Haly’s divides, 302
, eastern division of, 302
, great pass into, 352
, Cilician pass, description and length
of, 352 to 354
, soil and surface of, 357
, variety of climate, 357
——, natural divisions of, 358
( t -—, central part, the Taurus of Strabo,
358
, Black Sea, Coast of, 358
——, country south of Taurus, climate of,
358
, climate about Tarabuzun, 359
, extreme temperature, and earthquakes,
361, 362
, beasts and birds of, 362
, insects, reptiles, &c., of, 362
, minerals of, 363
, trees, shrubs, fruit, grain, &c., 363
, effects of taxes in, 335
, commercial routes and prospects, 364
Asia Minor, caves and other dwellings of I
the people of, 365, 367
, the farm-house of, 366
-, villages of, 368
, houses of, 369
-r-—, bazars described, 369
, tents used by the Turks and Turkomans
described, 369
, karvanser&is and khans, 369
------------, how established, 370
, baths, description of, 370
■----- , mosques, description of, 370
, people and language, 371
, de£line of Miihammedan religion in,
371
, agriculture of, 371
, state of the people of, 371
, food of the people of, 372
, Armenians, dress, government, and
religion, 372
, Greeks, dress, occupation, and character,
373
■——, Kurds, dress, ornaments, and character,
373
Yuruks, dress, ornaments, and women,
374
, Turkomans, descent and character,
375
—■ , Xebeques, figure, dress, and arms,
‘ 375 „
-, Turks’ character, 376, 377
employment of, 377
| modern dress of, 377
•----------- , women, condition of, 378 >
, sultan’s authority absolute, and gradation
of, 379
, ancient inhabitants of, 380, 381
, Turkish, and other conquests of, 381
, once divided into five districts, 365
, governments of, 380
, Khaliph ’Omar’s fiscal laws, 380
, social state of the people, 380
, ancient religion of, 381
, population of, 382
Asir (district of Yemen), 614
’Askulan ruins (north of Gaza), 493
Asnowar, village (near Nisibin), 50
Asphaltum found on the Dead Sea, 403
Aspuzi, summer town of Malatiyah, 44
Assal Berouk (probably manna), 520
Assassins, or Ism&ili, people, 542
, principal seat at Kal’at el Maszyad,
542
, tenets of, like those of the Shi’ites,
542
, name from Hacchis-shin 543
- , population of, 558
Assayik (ancient Sanus, near the harbour
of Marmorass), 341
Asses, wild, (in Arabia), 581, 586
Assos, or Assus, ruins (gulf of Adramit),
316
Asspinz (sanj&k of Child’er), 148
Assur, village (in the mountains near
San’&), 621
Assyria, mountains of, 67
Assyria, language of, 83
, four cities of, 119
, limits of, 1 2 0 *
, towns and provinces according to
Ptolemy, 120
, once produced gold, &c., 277
Assyrian ’KMbtfr, 1 2 2
Assyrians on the plains of Nineveh, 118
— - , or Syrians, 118
Astara town (at the southern extremity of
Talish), 130
Astarte, or Astroarche, and Atargatis, the
Assyrian, Phoenician, and Syrian deity,
421
temples at Hierapolis, 541
Aster-aMd, province of, 129, 224
,----- , position and description of the capital
of, 224
-, province, the Hyrcania of Herodotus,
225
and Khorasan (the Parthia of Pliny),
225
Astrologer, or minatzim, 89
Astrology, or Astronomy (in I’r&n), 88
, derived from the Chaldeans, 89
, influence of, 89
and practical astronomy of the Arabs,
662, 691
Atania, village and salt lake (in the desert
of Palmyra), 522
Atendja-chai (tributary of the Aras), 9
Atha town (of lower Chaldea), 94
Athur (the first territory) from Asshur,
Shem’s son, 119
Atskhver (sanj&k of Child’er), 148
Attaid-Sebt, village (or Abu Arisch, a district
bf Yemen), 611
Attaleia, or Adala (in Lydia), 311
Attalia su, or river Duden, ancient Catar-
ractes, 338
---- , plain of, 338, 339
town, probably Olbia, 339
Attane village (in the desert of Palmyra)
580
Attarus, or Abarim, Jebel (eastward of the
Dead Sea), 519
Attlit, or Castello Pelegrino (southward of
Mount Carmel), 482
Attock, on the Indus, 74
Attruck, river, limits of Aster-abad, 224
Atvin, town (on the river Jorak), 12
Aujan, mount (in Jebel Shammar), 628
Aulan Tagh and colossal lions (northward of
Seruj), 114
Aur (the second) or Orchoe, in Lower Chaldea,
94
Auranitis, Roman (now Belad Haouran),
510
Aval or Bahrein Island, 646
, extent, &c. of, 646
, towns and harbour of, 647
, the Tyrus of the ancients, 647
, pearl-fishery of, 647
Avanias, or fines levied by the Turks, 380
Avars (tribe of Lezgistan), 158
Avdimo, cape, in Baffa district (Cyprus), 458