Arabs, tlie rawi, or travelling historian of,
663
, the muhaddith, or reciter of tales, 663,
632
, liberality, 663, 699
, Muhammedan religion prejudicial to
society among the, 664
, chivalry among the, 665
, personal education, 665
-, war decided by champions, 665
, a maiden the rallying point in battle,
665'
, ordeals by fire used by the, 665
, philosophy and knowledge of the, in
the time of Job, 666
, ancient, used a written character, 666
, knowledge of engraving and printing,
666
ships, and post-messengers, 666
, architecture, 666, 667
——, dikes and kanats, 6 6 6 , 667
, cisterns and tanks at Gibraltar and
Minorca derived from the, 667
, the women, 670
------------ , paint the face, 670
S — , dress, &c., of, 671
— — —, nose-jewels of, 671
.-----------, khalkhal, or anklet with bells, of,
671
------------, hajil, or common anklet of, 671
, diet of the, 671,672
, camel’s flesh used by the, 672
——, the jerboa, locusts, and other animals
eaten by the, 672
, buildings of the, 673
, huts and tents of the, 673
, black goafs hair tent of the, 673
, tents of the Ababde Arabs, 674
, tents of the Ssleib or hunting Arabs,
674
, slavery mild among them, 67 4
•----- , prosperity depends on their camels,
674
-----, choice of a sheikh and malik, 675
their sheikh has no revenue, 67 5
------------, is the judge and lawyer of his
people, 675
, laws and punishment of the, 675, 676
, mixed government of, 675
, torture practised by the, 676
, protection granted to them by the
sheikh, 676
----- , means they used to gain the protection
of the sheikh, 676, 677
, Sunnie, Shi’ah and WahMbi religions,
677 , superstition of the, 677
t polygamy permitted among the, 678
Friday the sabbath of the, 677
, divorces (ent ta’leka) allowed among
them, 678
— , courtships, marriage, &c. of the, 678
, elopements, 679
, marriage festivals, 679
, circumcision of children, 679
—*—, funerals of the, 679, 680
, days of mourning, 680
Arabs, occupations and amusements, 680»
681
— , employments of the women, 681
, cooking utensils of the, 681
, social meetings of the, 681
, musical instruments of the, 682
, predatory excursions of the, 682
, war-dance and song of the, 682
, pitched battles rare, 682
, preparations for a march, 683
, order of march, 683, 684
, in a retreat, 685
, shebrye or haudag, a kind of palanquin
carried by a camel, 683
, shekdof, a kind of large pannier on
each side of a camel, 684
, a tribe scarcely visible on a forced
march, 685
, mardouffs, camels carrying two armed
men, 685
, cookery during a retreat, 685
, cadah, a bowl used in milking camels,
685
, manner of encampment, 687
, arts and sciences encouraged by the
khâliphs, 690
, astronomy formerly much cultivated
by the, 691
, trigonometry improved by the, 691
, medicine and surgery of the, 691, 692
- wrote on horology, mathematics, &c.,
692
, on manufactures, 692
, compass said to have been used by the,
692
, sciences said to be taught at the Madressehs
by the, 693
, trades followed by the, 693
, vanity of the Bedawins, 693
, their partiality for the desert, 694
, their skill in tracing footsteps and
finding their way, 694
, skilled in a knowledge of the positions
of places, 695
, are of two classes, fixed and nomadic
» 695
, character of them, by Ammianus Marcellinus,
696
——, Edrisi’s character of the Bili, an African
branch, 696
, their manner of declaring war, 697
, hasnat, or form of reconciliation
among them, 697
, their forays, 697
, capture of a mare considered important,
697
, treatment of prisoners, 697
, fight for plunder and revenge, 698
, hospitality, a leading virtue of the, 698
, their moderation and patience, 698
, tribes {Appendix)
Arach, or Irak (eastward of Palmyra), 526
Arachosia, province, 169
position of, 169
— territories included in, 169
ancient city, site of the, 169
Araciana, ancient city of Parthia, 225
Arad, Arad us, or Arvad, 451
, island, 647
Arafat, plain of (iiear Mekkah), 607
Aragavi, valley in Georgia, 156
Araghva, or Arhagus (river of Karte-
lin ia \ 155
’Arâïr (Aroër), on the river Arnon (southern
limits of E l Belka), 515
A raj, affluent of the Sdghânli-su (from the
Kastamiini hills), 321
Arak, a shrub used in the Hijaz for toothbrushes,
597
Arani (village of Haschid-el-Bekil), 616
Maachah, 522
» also Maachati and Abel Beth
Maachah, westward of Syria of Damascus,
540
Naharaim, or Mesopotamia, 540
, or Syria between the rivers, Padan
Aram, or Champagne Syria, 103, 118 ■ ---- , people of, called Syrians, 118
> probable cause why the people were
so called, 118
, or Syria, of Damascus, 527
——, inhabitants from Ham and Shem, 541 ■ -----, inundation of, 624
s-----, ruins of two castles built by Solomon
and Balkis, near, 624
Zobah, afterwards Chalybon and
Chalcis, or Beraea, 435
, of the Pentateuch, possibly Hobah
of Genesis, 540
Aramaic, probably once the language Of
Türân, 84
, western, 83
- 1, eastern, 83
, a cognate of the Chaldee, 84
, probably at one time a common language
in 1’ran, &c„ 84
, Parsi, a cognate of the, 84
, or Syriac, a branch Of the Aramean,
spoken by the Philistines, 541
Arapachites (province -of Assyria Proper),
120
Ararad, province of Armenia, 10 2
Ararat, plateau, 3, 65, 96
, two peaks of, 66
---- , distant appearance of, 67
, the culminating point of the mountain
system, 67
, part of the plateau of Fran, 97
Aras, river, course of, 3, 9, 137
, bridge, height of, 3 (note)
-, valley of the, 67
, bifurcation of the river, 136
, river bounds the land of Cush, 274
Araxa, ruins (in the valley of Xanthus),
341
Araxes, river, 9, 96, 2 10 , 219
——-, or Erashes, 1 1
, derivation of the' name, 1 1
, various names of, 1 1
, junction with the Kur, 1 1
— —, basin of the, 67
and land of Cush, 267
*— , fertility of the valleys of the, 273^
Araxes, the principal branch of the Mesopotamian
Khábiír, 49
Arayaz, plain, on the Aras river, 274
Arbat, ruins, now Irbid, village (in the
Decapolis,) 513
Arbel, or Arbela (Gobil), a chief town (of
Assyria Proper), 107, 120
Arbeletes, province of Assyria, 12 0
Arbis, or. Arke, river (in Mekrán), 185
Arbrea, ancient city (of Persis), 2 10
Arch of Chosroes, or Ták Kesra, 35
Archilais, now Ak Serai, 290
Architecture of Arabia, 666
Ard, species of white ant (in Tehámeh), 612
Ardaghan, chái (in Georgia), 147
Ardebil, plain and fortress (in Azerbaijan),
86, 219
Ardelán, district and Wálí of (in Kurdistan,)
1 2 0 , 215
Ardelán, mountains of, 60
, water-shed of, 67
Ard-el-Bethinyeh (in Persea), 512
Ardeshir Yadkan, district and products, 256
Ard-es-Saba (land of Sheba) the royal
residence, 624
Ardicoun, plain and town (of Fárs), 208
Arecem, the Rekem of the Arabs, Petra of
the Greeks-, arid Sela of the Hebrews,
655
Aretas’, palace (at Petra), 656
Arghané Máden, town and mines (near the
western source of the Tigris), 13, 14
Arghoun, river (in Kartelenia district)*
155
Arghyle, accounts of the effects of the Samm
by the sheikhs of the, 579
Ariani, people (of Irán), 83
’Aridh, Or Nedjd el ’Aridh, 630
Ariel, of Moab, or v Rabbath Moab (Areo-
polis), now Robba (in Kerak district),
520
Arii, territory of the (near the Caucasus),
140
•, people (now called Medes), 141
——, ancient people of Media Magna, 218
Arimathea (now Ramleh), 492
Arisban (formerly Eres or Aras), near the
Caucasus, 141
Aristopholi, people (of Paropamisus), 172
Arizanti, people (of Media Magna), 218
Arjísh Tágh, Argaeus, near Kaisariyeh, 4,
289, 347
, height of, 290
Ark (of Tabriz)» 220
Arke or Arbis river (of Gedrosia), 185
Armalkhar, or Nahr Malká (Canal of
Mesopotamia) 56
Armánás, in Aleppo, district, 407
Armánás, branch, description of, 388, 395
Armánás branch from Mount St. Simeon,
or Sheikh Bárákát, 395
Armenia, in general, 95
, its three divisions, 95
Major, limits, &c., 95, 102
Minor, or first, second, and third Armenia,
95, 96, 102.