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362 PLOKA OP NEW ZEALAND.
and femGes mixed, one of the former having generaDy two of the latter, one on eaeh side of it ; all sessile. Male
perianth six-cleft, or of srx ovate acummate pieces in two rows, outer smaller. Stamens six, surrounding the rudiment
of an ovary. Femak perianth Gso of six broadly ovate leaflets, rolled round one another, and enclosing a one-
ceUed ovanum, with three sessile stigmas and a pendulous ovGe on one side of the cavity. Fruit an ovoid drupe
i inch long, ivith a fibrous outer coat, membranous testa thickened on one side down the raphe, and horny albumen’
whose surface is not ruminated. Fhnhrijo small, in the base of the albumen. (Name from Areec, an Indian word.)
1. Areca sapiia, Soland.; foliis pinnatis, pinnis mnltijugis anguste lineari-lanceolatis replicatis termi-
nahbns præmorsis, costis petioloqne lepidotis, periautliii folioHs exterioribus angustis interioribus ovatis
acummatis, ¥ late ovatis, drupis ovoideis, albumine æquabib.— in Forst. Plant. Esc. A. Rich.
Flora. A. Ounn. Prodr. A. Banksii, Martins. A. Kentia, Ranhs et Sol. MSS. T ab. LIX. et LX
H ab. Northern Island and north part of Middle Island, B a n h and Solander, eto. ’ Nat. name
Colenso. (Cultivated iu England.) *
Mr. Cunningham has applied to this PGm EndHcher’s description, drawn up from Ferdinand Bauer’s drawings
of Norfolk Island specimens. This does not agree with the New ZeGand plant in the shape of the drupe said to
be globose in the Norfolk Island speeies. Mi-. Smith (Eoyal Garden, Kew) has both in cultivation, and ha’s shown
me a veiy considerable difference in habit and in the breadth of their pinnGes. those of the Norfolk Island PGm
being twice as broad; but there is great variation in these respects with both species. Von Martins also separates
them, hut gives Porstei-’s name to the Norfolk Island plant, whereas Forster figured the New ZeGand one only to
which the name oi sapida must remain attached, whilst that of Baueri may be given to the Norfolk Island speéies
if It prove really distinct. There is as much difference between the narrow and broad pinnæ of specimens of A
sapida growing in Kew Gardens, as between the latter and the pinnoe ot A. Aaam'.—P late LIX. and LX. Eig. 1 ,
male flower; 2, pollen; 3, female flower ; 4, ovary; 6, vertical section of ditto ; 6, ripe drupe ; 7. vertical sectioii
of ditto; 8 and 9, seeds; 10, embryo; 11, albumen:—all', ’
N a t . O rd . XCII. JUNCBÆ, DC.
Gen. I. JUNCUS, L.
Siamina 6 v. 3. Stylus Periantlmm 6-partitnm, coriaceum, 2-bracteatum. brevis. Stigmata 3.
Capsula 3- (rarius sub-1 -) locGaris, 3-valvis, polysperma.
This genus, to which the various English Rushes belong, is found all over the world, and most frequently in
temperate and very cold climates; all the species have slender, often jointed stems, called culms, full of pith
or sometimes hoUow between the joints, aud are leafless, or have grass-like, or terete, or compressed foliage’
mowers in termiuG or axillary tufts, or branehed panicles, rarely solitary, generally dark brown. Ferianth of six
hard glumaceous pieces, with two bracteæ below, six (rarely three) stamens, a three-eelled ovaiy, with a short
(rarely long) style, and three long stigmas, Capsuk three-valved, three-celled, wdth several seeds. (Name from
jungo, to join ; the leaves being used as cordage.)
§ a. Leaves none, or solitary. Panicles lateral.
1. Juncus manhmus, Lam.; fobis paucis omnibus radicalibus teretibus cGmisque pungentibus
panicula composita erecta ramis compressis apice sub-4-8-floris, sepalis lanceolatis acuminatis, capsulié
ellipticis subacutis perianthio æquilongis, testa laxa utrinque a p p e n d ic u la ta .- i« . Enajl. Br. Prodr.
Engl. Bot. t. 1725. A. Cunn. Prodr. etc.
H ab. Northern and Middle Islands, I f Urville. Bay of Islands and east coast, Sinclair, Colenso, etc.
Nat. name, " W i,” or “ Wi-Wi” (for the whole genus), CoUnso. (A native of England.)
Junceæ?)
s 2-3 feet high, terete, leaves one. or rarely two. sheathing round the base of tbe culm, pungent
Fanick of many, faseieled, erect, compressed branches. 4 inches long. Flowers red-brown, in pediceUate heads of
four to eight. Capsuk eUipticG. acute, as long as the perianth. Seed, with a loose testa, produced beyoud each
e n d .-A native of various parts of Eui-ope. North America, and of AustraUa, according to Mr. Brown, who says the
capsule is oval and blunt, whereas it is described in books on British plants as eUiptical and mucronated.
2. Juncus vaginatus, Br. ; culmo apbyllo tereti basi vaginato, panicula lateral! subumbellata, umbellis
compositis, floribus aggregatis, capsubs ovGibus obtusis periantbium acntiim æquantibus, testa utrmqne
breviter appendiculata.—Æ-. Prodr. Raoul, Choix des Plantes. J. tenax, /3 major. Banks et Sol. USS.
et Ic.
H ab. Northern and Middle Islands, Banks and Solander, Raoul, Sinclair, etc.
My specimens are very indifferent, though received from various sources. Culms robust or slender. 2 feet
bigh le'afless with a few sheaths at the base. Fankk with spreading, often divaricating branches, subumbellate.
Fkwers pale-coloured, in terminal heads, spreading, not so closely pressed together as in / . mariiimus Capsuk
obovate or oblong-obovate, bhmt. Seeds with the testa shortly produced beyoud the apex.—This is also an Alls-
tralian plant.
3. Juncus effusus, L ,; culmo tereti nudo basi vaginato, panicula laterali efl'usa v. contracta et pauciflora
ramis alternis gracibbus, floribus distinctis altemis, capsulis obovatis obtusis perianthium subæquantibus,
testa laxa exappendicGata v. brevissime appendicGata.—ii« » . Sp. PI. A. Cunu. Prodr. etc.
J. tenax, /3 minor, B a n h et Sol. MSS. et Ic. J. communis et J. fibformis, A. Rich. Flora.
H.vb. Tbrougbout the Islands ; common in wet places, B a n h and Solander, etc. (Native of England.)
My specimens are more slender thau the commonest Engbsh form, but not more so thau it is often found to
be in various situations, especlGly in Australia, Tasmania, etc. It is found in most parts of tbe globe. I find tbe
same plant in Herb. Hook., from Austraba, labebed by M. E. Meyer 'I.palliius, Br.’ ; but the latter plant is de-
s'cribed by Mr Brown as having the branchlets of the pamcle crowded and the flowers subimbricated, which is not
the case with the Australian or these specimens.-CG«s slender. Fanixk effuse, branches slender. Fkwers pale,
scattered, alternate. Capsuk blunt, about as long as the perianth, or longer, but variable m this respect.
5 b. Culms kafy at the base. Fanick, terminal or lateral.
4. Juncus planifolius, Br. ; cubnis basi foUosis, fobis planis cGmo brevioribus longioribusve, cyma
terminali decomposita capitata v. effusa bracteata, floribus congestis^ 3-6-andris, capsubs prismaticis triquetris
mucronatis perianthio brevioribus longioribusve, seminibus striatis. Br. Prodr.
H ab. Abundant throughout the Islands, Sinclair, Colenso, Lyall, etc.
A common AustrGiaii and Tasmanian plant, also fonnd in Lord Auckland’s Group and in South Chib; very
variable in stature, and form of inflorescence, and number of stamens (tbree or four), but always to be recogmzed
fr'om its New Zealand congeners by the flat grass-like leaves. Fkwers generafly chestnut-brown.
5. Juncus cephalotes, Th. ? culmo compresso, foGs involucroque monopbyUo teretiuscubs articGatis,
cyma terminali v. laterGi effusa, capitGis mGtGoris bexandris, periantlbo acumGato striato, capsGis
prismaticis periantbium æquantibus. Au J. prismatocarpus, Br. Prodr. ?
H ab. Northern Island. East Coast, Colemo.
I bave only tops of cGms from Mr. Colenso, which quite resemble a Cape and Australian species, and Gso tbe
J striatus of Europe. It may be recognized from all the larger New ZeGand speeies by the leaves and culms being
knotted or jointed. As in J. planifolius. the cymes are sometimes reduced to a baU of pale flowers, at other times
the branches spread. Seeds deeply striated and transversely rugose : in this respect, and in the hexandrous flowers,
it difl'ers from » . Brown’s description ot .7. pismatocarpus.
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