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238 FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND.
N a t . O e d . LXXXV. A R O ID EÆ , Juss.
Gen. Í. TYPHA, L.
Amenta cylmdracea, mascula et foemijiea eodem ciilmo. Am. superius, perianthio 3-setoso ; staminibus
stipiti communi impositis. Am. ? perianthio papposo; ovmiis stipitatis; stylis capillaribus. Utrietili stvlo
coronatij evalves.
The New Zealand Typha angustifolia very closely resemble.s the common English “ Eeed-mace ” or “ Cat’s-
tail (hy some called BGrush), and is fonnd in aU parts of the globe : it forms a tall erect water-plant, growing in
vast profusion in watery places, with a creeping rhizoma, which sends up tufts of very long linear leaves, and simple,
lee -like, sohd stems, 4-8 feet high, with two cylindricG, rich-brown, soft catkins; the upper of male flowers,
lower of female, each 6-7 inches long. Perianth none, or of three soft long hmrs. Mak Jl. stamens one or more!
aud monadelphous ; anthers cuneate. Female Jl. a long spindle-shaped utricle, with a slender stalk and equally slender
style, glandular towards the tip on one side.-Some species of this genus are found in aU parts of tbe globe. Leaves
used for building houses, thatching, etc. The blanched parts of the roots are eaten in many parts of the world.
Ot the pollen bread is made, as of the same speeies by tbe natives of Scinde. (Name from rv0or, a marsh.)
1. Typha angustifolia, L. ; amentis remotis, foliis planiusculis. Br. Prodr. A. Cunn. Prodr A
Rich. Flora. T. latifolia, Forst. Prodr.
Hab. Northern Island. Common in marshes, Cunningham, ete. Nat. name, “ Eaupo ” Col fA
native of England.)
An extremely variable plant. I find no difference, except in size, between this and tbe European T. angustifolia,
which IS generally much smaller and more slender, varying extremely in this respect.
Gen. II . SPARGANIUM, L.
Amenta sphænea ; mascula superiora. Perianthii squamæ 3. Fi,. . Stamina 3 ; antheris ovatis.
P l. ? . Achenium sessile, mucronatum.
Water or marsh plants, found in various temperate climates, witb erect herbaceous stems, long grassy linear
leaves, and flowers collected into round beads or catkins, the upper male. Leaves in the New Zealand species
which IS found m veiy many parts of the world, a foot long, x ¡uch broad, channelled, sharp. Flowering stem
slender, erect. Fem.Jl. m three to six globose remote baUs, i inch diameter, each iu the axil of a linear spreading
leaf Fenanth of three scales, which are probably reduced stamens. Makjl. in more numerous, smaller heads
without leaves. Stamens tbree, witb ovate anthers. Fruit a ball. J inch diameter, of dry, obovate, mneronate nuts’
each obscurely trigonous, smooth, shiuing. 2-8 inches long. (Name from ewapyauou, a band; in allusion to the
form of the leaves.)
1. Sparganium simplex, Huds.; M is planis basi trigonis, pedúnculo fiorifero simplici, stigmate
linean, acheniis apice conicis. Engl. Boi. t. 745.
H.1B. Northern Island. In watery places, common, Bidwill, etc. Nat. name, “ Maru," Col. (A
native of England.)
Gen. I I I . LEMNA, L.
Spatha membranácea, urceolata. Stamina 1-Z ; antheris didymis. Fructus utriculus 1-4-spermus.
A very curious genus, known as Duckweed in England, and fonnd in most parts of the Temperate world. Tlrey
are reduced to small floating scale-like fronds, with no distinct leaf or stem; they seldom flower, but increase by
Orclddeæ?, ELORA OE NEW ZEALAND, 339
buds, which grow from clefts on the opposite margins of the fronds ; these expand and again produce buds from
their sides while attached to the parent frond, hence many fronds are attached at right angles to one another. The
fronds throw out one simple capillary root, or tuft of these, furnished at the apex with a oalyptra, Flowers rare,
very minute, enclosed in a bract. Stamens one to two, with didymous anthers. Utriculus with one to four seeds.
(Name, hsgva in Greek, said to be derived from Xcttic, a scale)
1. Lemna minor, L .; fronde ovali utrinque plana, radicibus solitariis. Br. Prodr. Eng. Bot.
t. 1095.
H a b . Middle Island. Port Cooper, Ig/all. Probably common, and overlooked elsewhere. (A native
of England.)
An extremely abundant European plant, found in various other parts of the globe, as in Australia and Tasmania.
Fronds ovate, flat, 2 lines long, each with a single root.
2. Lemna gibba, L. ; fronde obovata supra plana subtus convexa snbhemisphærica, radicibus solitariis.
Linn. Sp. PI. Eng. Bot. t. 1233.
H a b . Northern Island. East coast, Colenso. (A native of England.)
Very like Z. minor, but tbe frond is rounded below, sometimes hemispherical. This is also a very common
European plant, and found in other parts of tbe world.
N a t . O r d . LXXXVI. ORCHIDEÆ, -Juss.
Gen. I. EAEINA, Undl.
Perianthii folióla patentia, subcarnosa, subæqualia. Labellum posticum, oucullatum, 3-lobum, columnæ
subparallelum, basi sub-2-tuberculatum, disco nudo. Columna nana, stigmatis labio inferiore prominulo.
Anthera 2-locularis. PoUinia 4, ceracea, collateralia, per paria cohærentia.—Herbæ epiphgücoe, caulescentes;
rhizomate articúlalo, repente; foliis rigidis, distichis ; floribus racemosis paniculatisve; bracteis
Rigid epiphytical plants, growing in great tufts on the branches of trees, etc, Rhizoma creeping, sending out
long white simple fleshy or hard roots. Stems compressed, simple, erect, covered witb distichous, Mnear, coriaceous,
green leaves. Flowers in terminal simple or branched bracteate racemes, small, white. Ferianth of six nearly equal
pieces, all spreading ; sepals equal, oblong, subacute ; petals ovate, more fleshy, blunt ; lip three-lobed, retuse, lateral
lobes curved inwards. Column short. Pollen-masses four, united, in pairs, to a veiy smaU strap-shaped eaudicle,
powdery.—This genus is confined to New Zealand. (Name from eapivos, spring-Jlowerlng)
1 . Dimwa mucronata, DmH. ; caule gracili ancipiti, foliis longe lineari-ligulatis acuminatis, panicula
gracili, sepalis liueari-oblongis, labello profunde 3-lobo. Lindl. Gen. el Sp. Orchid. A. Chain. Prodr.
Epidendrum mncronatum, B a n h et Sol. MSS. et Ic.
H a b . Througliout the Islands, as far south as Otago, Banks and Solander, etc.
Stems slender, 1-3 feet long, two-edged. Leaves 4-6 inches long, A broad, acuminate. Fanick slender,
sparingly branched. Araría remote, obtuse. Flowers I iuch diameter; sepals and petals linear-oblong; labellum
deeply lobed, spotted.
2. Eariiia autumualis. Hook. fil. ; caule robusto lente compresso, foliis linearibus rigidis subacutis
acumiuatisve, panicula subdisticha ramosa, sepalis late oblongis, petalis late ovatis, labello obtuse 3-lobo subquadrato.
Epidendrum autumiiale. Banks et Sol. MSS. et Ic.
H a b . Tliroughout the Islands, to Stewart’s Island, B a n h and Solander, etc.