1 5 0 ANNALS OF THE EOTAL BOTANIC GAJÌDEN, C.\I,CDTTA. [(J. BURCBÌANUS
{Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Botany iii, pt. 9, 392) may possibly be reduced to
C. Grijjiihianus. C. Grijjithianus seems a much commoQer species than C, castaneus.
Tho natural affinities of 0. castaneus and 0. Griffithianus are probably -with C.
ovoidcus and C. andamaniws, which, however, liave cirriferous leaves.
PLATE 17.—Calamus Griffithianus Mart. Basal portion of a leaf with the upper
part of the petiole ; three leaflets from noar the opes showing the upper surface ;
an entire fruiting spadis ; flowers, fruits and seed (one in longitudinal section)
from the spadix quoted; ail figures from the No. 3040 in the Calcutta Herbarium,
12. CALAMUS BUKCKM-US Beco, in Ree. Bot. Surv, Ind. ii, 198.
DESCRIPTION.—Probably bushy (not scandent). Stem and leaf-sheaths not seen.
Leaves (including a portion of the unarmed terete-subcompressed petiole measuring
25 cm.) a metre in length ; rachis glabrous, trigonous, convex below where smooth
(or sometimes ai-med with small rudimentary claws?), the margins and the superior
angle acute ; leaflets thinly papyraceous, numerous, alternate, regularly equidistant
(10-12 mm. apart), linear-ensiform, somewhat attenuate towards the base, subulately
acuminate at the apex, ^ e e n on both surfaces when dry, the lower surface slightly
paler; upper surface distinctly 3-costate, the mid-costa acute, prominent and bearing
on its apical half some dark bristles, the side costa: bristly along their- whole length;
lower surface with nerves indistinct and only the mid-costa sparingly bristly, or
sometimes smooth or one nerve on each side bristly ; the margins with a few
distant adpiessed spinules, more numerous towards the apex, the lower somewhat
thickened by an intramarginal nerve ; transverse veinlets rather distant and
indistinct, sinuous and much interrupted ; the largest leaflets, the lowest, 28—30 cm,
ong and 12-13 mm. broad, tlie others graduali}' decreasing in size upwards, the
two apical (the smallest) 12 cm. by 6-7 mm., slightly connate at the base. Male
spadix Female spadix not seen entire ; the few partial inflorescences
seen 50 cm. long, ending in a caudate, rigid, unarmed appendix, a few cm. lonsr
bearing on each side few (4-7), alternate, distichous, erecto-patent spikelets; primary
spathes not seen ; secondary spathes tubular-infundibuliform, unarmed, closely
sheathing, 3-4 cm. long, the mouth obliquely truncate and naked, but at one side
prolonged into a triangular, acute, erect point ; spikelets attached to the bottom
of their own spathe by a slender 2-3 cm. long pedicellar part, vermicular, rather
thick and rigid, flexuose, 12-15 cm. long, with 10-15 distichous, rather distant
(1 cm. apart) flowers on each side; spathels shortly tubular-infundibulifoi-m, usually
split in the fruiting stage, the mouth horizontally truncate and naked, apiculate on
one side ; involucrophorum distinctly pedicellate, arising from the bottom of its own
spathel, obliquely truncate, sharply two-keeled next to the axis, where not adnate ;
involucre cupular, slightly longer than the involucrophorum, truncate and obscurely
3-toothed ; areola of neuter flower lunate. Fruiting perianth ex planate (not pedicelliform);
calyx not callous at the base, split almost to the base into 3 ovate, acute
segments ; corolla with three segmenta almost as long as those of the calyx, but
narrower and more acute. Fruit, when not quite ripe, globose and 9-10 mm. in
diam., suddenly apiculate, its scales in 24 longitudinal series, brownish, rather dull,
slightly channeUed along the middle, small (1-5 mm. broad), their apices obtuse-
C. deerratus] BECCAEI. MO.N'OGKAPH OP THE GENUS CALAMUS. 151
their margins pale, very finely and minutely erosely ciliate. Seeds (immature)
usually 3, with smooth surface, convex back and two flat ventral facets, occasionally
one or two of the seeds tending to abort.
HABITAT.—Java {Kurz in Herb. Municli and Teysmman
Javanese name "Hooy buluk-buk"—vide Blume, fiumphia
1 Herb. St. Petersb.)—
30.
OBSERVATIONS.—I have seen of this only one leaf, apparently a radical one and
. deprived of its sheath, and some portion of a spadix bearing not quite ripe fruits ;
these specimens were sent to the St. Petersburg Herbarium by Teysmann. Another
more incomplete specimen, perfectly ¡ike the preceding, is preserved in the Herbarium
at Munich, sent there by Kurz. On these specimens alone is based the description
above, but I consider as conspecific with the specimens mentioned another which I
have received from the Leyden Herbarium, In this the spikelets are 8-12 cm.
long, the fruit is perfectly globular or a trifle longer than broad ( 10-12 mm, in
diam. ), rounded at both ends, but surmounted by a very short beak; the scales :
in 23 rows and have a very narrow intramarginal line. In all
the fruits
which 1 have examined I have found only a single seed fully
of the
other two seeds only inconspicuous traces were found. The seed has
even,
dark, opaque, not alveolated nor pitted surface, is orbicular, somewhat depressed,
9-9'5 mm. in diameter, somewhat concave on the raphal side and with a shallow
chalazal fovea ; the albumen is equable and the embryo is situated near the base of
its ventral and convex face. A leaf in the Leyden Herbarium, labelled " J a v a:
Hooy belock-buk, Hasskari," apparently belongs to the fruiting spadix just described,
but is armed on the back along the middle of its rachis with a few small short
solitary and remote claws.
PLATE 18.— Calamus Burckianus Becc. Partial inflorescence with unripe fruits
and apex of a leaf seen from the upper surface with a small portion at its base
seen from the lower; these parts are from Teysmann's specimen in the St.
Petersburg Herbarium. The spikelet with mature fruits, the seeds and the portion
of leaf on the left-hand side are from the specimens in the Leyden Herbarium
described in the observations,
13, CALAMUS DEEREATUS Mann & Wendl. in Trans. Linn. Soc. sxiv, 429, t. xl,
F ; H. Wendl. in Kerch. Les Palm, 236; Drude in Bot. Jahrb. sxi.
i i i ; Becc. in Kec. Bot. Surv. Lid, ii, 199; Wright in Fl. Trop. Afri.
viii, 1Ü9 (partly).
DESCRIPTION.—Scandent, rather slender, or of moderate size, 5-10 metres long.
Sheathed stem 18-25 mm. in diam. Leaf sheaths rather thickly coriaceous, more or
less partially fugaciously scaly-furfuvaceous, gibbous above, rather densely armed with
brown, rigid, flat, very thin, lanceolate, subulate spines which arise from a broad
but not tumescent base and are often divided or laciniate or with the margins
deeply cleft, spreading or slightly deflexed, solitary or aggregated in small series;
the spines are more abundant, longer (as much as 2 cm. long) and more distinctly
seriate on the ventral side of the upper portion of the sheaths, where from a
horizontal position they gradually become erect near the base of the petiole. Ocrea