112 ANNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC SAKDEN, CALCÜTTA.
spinulous. Female spadh sirict, about 1 mm. loiig; partial inflorescences and spikeleta
not callous in their axilla; spikelets inserted inside the mouth of their spatho, 8 - 10
cm. long, with 8-10 flowers on each side, zig-zag sinxious between the flowers. Fruiitng
perianth veutricose. Fruit ellipsoid, 27-29 mm. long, 13-14 mm. broad. Scales
ill 18 series, deeply channelled. Seed ovoid, sinuously grooved,
North-East India.
166. C. Manan Miq.—Scandent, very large. Leaf-slmihs 7-8 cm, in diam., fearfully
armed with short triangular spines. Leaves about 5 m. long in the pinniforous
part; the cirrus very robust and strongly clawed, 3 m. long. Leaflets very large,
numerous, sub equidistant, lanceolate or broadly ensiform, up to 70 cm. long, 5 cm.
broad, plicate, many-nerved, with the mid-eosta only prominent, the side nerves
slender, smooth and almost concoloious on both surfaces; margins spinulous. Femah
apadiz forming a very large panicle, shorter than the leaves; spikelets large, arched,
rigid, their axis cylindraceüus, up to 25 cm, in length, with 1-5-lC bifarious, 5 - 6 mm.
long, remote flowers on each side. Fruiting perianth cylindraceous. Fruit broadly
ovoid-elliptical, 3-3-5 cm. long, 20-22 mm. broad. Scales in 15-18 series, superficially
chaimelled. Seed ovoid, minutely tubercled and pitted; albumen ruminate; embryo
lateral.
Sumatra.
167. C. giganteas Becc.—Scandent and very robust. Leaf-sheaihs 4-7 cm. in diam.,
powerfully armed with large laminar spines. Leaves 2-5-3 m. long; petiole prickly.
Leaflets numerous, apparently subequidistant, 6-8 cm. apart, green above, sub-glaucescent
beneath, plicate-5-costate, broadly ensiform, 55-60 cm. long, 3-4 cm. broad,
the cost® and margins quite smooth. Male spadix ultradecompound; spikelets small,
1 9 - 2 0 mm. long with 5-10 very approximate flatly bifarious flowers on each side.
Female spaáix very large and diffuse; spikelets robust, rigid, somewhat flattened, arched
and deflexed, 10-16 cm. long with 14-18 flowers on each side. fruiiing perianth
cylindraceous, slightly inflate at the base. Fntil ovoid elliptical, 28 mm. long. Scales
in 15 series, rather deeply channelled.
The Malayan Peninsula.
/5S. C. platyacanthus Warb.—Robust, scandcnt. Leaf-sheaihs apparently 4-5 cm.
in diam., armed with enormous laminar spines, of which some are as much as 8-9
cm. long and 1 0 - l S ram. broad. Leaves vijry large; petiole flat and prickly above.
Leaflets large, concave-convex, oblong or oblanceolate, 4:^ cm. long, 8 - 9 cm. broad (in
one specimen) with 5 costas and 2-3 secondary nerves between each of them; the
cost® acute, smooth or sparingly spinulous above, slender and smooth bcnea,th.
Female spadix about 60 cm. long, with a few diffuse partial inflorescences; spikeleta
spreading or deflexed, the lower ones 8 cm. long with 9-10 flowers on each side,
the upper ones shorter, strongly zig-zag sinuous between each flower. Fruiting perianth
cylindraceous. Fruit ovoid-elliptical, suddenly beaked, 22 mm. long, 13-14 mm.
broad. Scales in 18 series, deeply channelled. Seed ovoid-oblong, boldly tubercled
and strongly pitted, with a narrow and deep chalazal fovea; albumen slightly
ruminate; embryo basal.
Tonkin.
BECCAÍII. MONOGEAPH OF THE 1 13
169. 0. a/bus Pers.—Scandent and rather robust. Leaf-s/teaihs 2-5 cm. in
diam., densely armed with small acicular spines. Leaves 2-3 m. long in the
pinniferoiis part. Leaflets numerous, large, equidistant, 6-lU em. apart, slightly
concavo-convex, lanceolate, 4-5-65 cm. long, 6-7 cm. broad, ."i-eostulato, the cost«
more or less spinulous above, smooth underneath ; margins spinulous, male spadix
forming a large panicle about 2 m in length; spikelets small, 3 - 1 cm. long, with
1 2 - 1 5 approximate flowers on each side. Female spadix robust, 1-5 m. long (in
one specimen) with many rather approximate partial infloresceoees; spikelets very
spreading, arched, up to 25 cm. in length, with 18-20 flowers on each-side, zig-zag
sinuous between the flowers. Fruit globose-ovoid or obovoid, beaked, 18-19 mm,
long, 12-14 mm. broad. Scales in 15 series, shining, faintly channelled, straw
coloured. Seed boldly tubercled and deeply pitted ; albumen coarsely ruminate •
embryo basal.
Amboina.
170. C. pal/idulus Bccc.—L e a f - s h e a t h s 1 3 - 2 0 mm. in diam., very thick, greenish
or straw-yellowish like almost every other part of the plant when dry. Lnaves
3 0 - 4 0 cm. long in the pinniferous part, terminating in a long and robust cirrus ;
petiole very short or obsolete. Leaflets very few, 4 - 5 on each side, inequidistant
but not fascirlcd, ensiform or lanceolate, 20-25 cm. long, 15-20 mm. or at most
3 0 - 3 5 mm. broad, unieostate, smooth on both surfaces; margins spinulous. Female
spadix panicled, diffuse ; secondary spathes and spathels scabrid, spikelets spreading,
vermicular, their axis cylindraceous, slender, up to 10 cm. long, with about 10
flowers on each side. Fruiting perianth slightly ventricose at the base. Fruit spheerio,
18 mm. in diam. Scahs in 15-18 series, superficially channelled. Seed globular-ovoid,
deeply pitted; albumen deeply ruminate; embryo sub-basal.
The Malayan Peninsula; Singapore.
777. C. macrosphcerion Becc.—Apparently scandent and robust. Female spadix
rigid und robust; partial inflorescences short and rigid, 25 cm. long and with 5
spikelets on each side (in one specimen) ; spikelets inserted above the mouth of
their own spathe, distinctly callous at the axilla, 4 - 4 ' 6 cm. long, with 8-9 approximate
flowers on each side. Fruiting perianth distinctly pedicellifoi-m. Fruit sphseric,
about 2 cm. in diam., very shortly mammillate. ¿caZis in 15 series, convex, narrowly
channelled. Seed globular, minutely tubercled; albumen very deeply ruminate;
embryo on the face opposite the chalazal fovea.
Celebes.
172. C. mattanensis Secc.—Scandent, slender or of moderate size. Leafsheaihs
l i - 1 7 mm. in diam., very thick, light-coloured like the other parts of the
plant, armed with strong, flat, narrowly lanceolate spines. Leaves about 1 m. long in
the pinniferous part, terminated by a not very robust cirrus; petiole about 25 cm.
long. Leaflets not very numerous (8-9 on cach side), more or less approximate into a
few groups, linear-ensiform, up to 32-38 cm. long. 2-3 cm. broad, unieostate, longitudinally
plicate, quite smooth on both surfaces; margins spinulous.
Borneo,
173. G. Oxieyanus Becc.—Erect or later scandent. Leaf-sheaths not flagelliferous,
open on the ventral side. Leaves 3-3-5 m, long in the pinniferous part, terminated
Aot, ROY. BOI. GARD, CALOuriA TOL. X I.