3 8 8 AIJNALS OP THE EOYAL BOTANIC GAHDEN, CALCUTT^ [Q. ZOLHNGERH.
one I measured 4-5 m. in the pinuiferous portion); the cirrus very robust, armed
w i t h f-whoris of very strong black ckws; petiole very robust, 3-3'5 cm. broad,
deeply chanoDlled above, round beneath whero irregularly armed with straight strong
unequal spines; racliia in its lowest portion broadly cliaunclled above, rounded
b e n e a t h , -where armed along the middle with solitary claws and elsewhere with
scattered prickles; higher up sub-±-angular in section but roundish beneath, and
more or less chaunelled above, with spinulous margins, and with r a t h e r broad side-faces
where are inserted the leaflets; in the terminal portion trigonous, bifaced above and
strongly armed beneath with robust 3-5-fid half-whorled claws; leaflets numerous,
equidistant, 3-'i cm. apart, papyraceous, ratner rigid, large, ensiform, the largest, the
i n t e r m e d i a t e ones, 50-70 cm. long, cm. broad, the upper ones smaller and more
d i s t a n t , gradually acuminate at the apex, Buddenly contracted and plicate at tlie base,
r e e n on both surfaces; the mid-costa prominent, acute and naked or nearly so above
where accompanied on each side by a slender nerve, this furnished with a few long
i n the lower surface the mid-costa barely prominent, but furnished with a
long bristles ; the side-nerves faint and smooth ; margins remotely
somewhat thickened by an intramarginal nevve. Mala spadix not seen
X t i r e but apparently large and much branched; partial inflorescences (only nne seen)
panicked, compact, cupressiform. divided in its lower part into many approximate
secondary branches or compound spikes and bearing upwards some simple spikelets;
these much larger than the secondary ones of the lower branchlets; primary spathes
not seen • secondary spathes txibulav-infundibuliform, 2 - 4 cm. long, closely sheathing,
napvraceous, obliquely truncate at the mouth, unarmed, prolonged at one side into a
t r i a n g u l a r acute p o i n t ; the lowest compound spikes, the largest, 7 - 8 cm. long, inserted
and at the bottom of their respective spathe, 7 - 8 cm. l o n g ; spikelets 6 - 7 on
: of the secondary axis, approximate, about 1 cm. in l e n g t h ; spathes of the
compound spikes broadly infundibuUform, truncate, finely striately-veined, extended at
one side into a short tiiangular p o i n t ; spathels of
packed, bracteiform or boat-shaped, finely striate:
cupular, apparently formed by two bracts, more oi
sometimes nearly disjunct and ovate, acute, concave
bud) oblong obtuse, 4 mm. long, tl:
bristles ;
f ew 2-2-5
apinulouS'
inside
each
Mth
t h i n l y pergsi
;he simple spikelets very closely
-veined, very obtuse; involucre
less connate by their bases, or
acutely keeled next to the axis,
calyx entirely spht into 3 oblong
itaceous, finely striately-veined, concave, rather obtuse p a r t s ; corolla
as long as the calyx, d i i i d e d down to a little beyond midway into 3 ovato-
¡i'liptio finely striate segments; filaments of the stamens subulate, inflected at the apex,
u n i t e d at the base wUh the undivided t u b u l a r - i n f u n d i b u l i & rm part of the corolla, longer
t h a n the segments i anthers linear s a g i t t a t e acute; rudimentary ovary formed b y 3 small
d i . t i n c t acicnlar bodies, about as long as the tube of the corolla. JamU
v e r y large but relatively short ( 1 - 1 ' 5 m.) non-flagelbferous at its summit and forming
a rather dense pyiamidate cnpteBSiform panicle, composed of many approxnnato partial
infioiesccncesi these 50-50 cm. long, terminated by a very short tail-liko appendix
a n d beating 8-14 spikelets on each side; primary spathes relatively short, 10-20 cm.
Ion., tnbular-cylindraceous slightly enlarged above, closely sheathing, more or less
covered with scattered tubercuhform spine» and prolonged at the summit into a
vrithered triangular acuminate point; secondary spathes as in the male spadix, often
l o n g i t u d i n a l l y split in the f r u i t i n g s t a g e ; spikelets inserted inside their own spathe
and conspicuously pedicellate, ascendent at first, then spreading, the lowermost 8-10
i j , Zollmgerii.'] BECCABI. MONOOEAPH OF THE GENUS CALAMXTS. 389
«m, long with lô~20 distichous flowers on each side ; spathels very short and
closely packed, broadly infundibuliforoi, truncate, extended at one side into a. very
short point, the margin entire, ciliately furfuraceous when young ; involucrophorum
u n i l a t e r a l l y subinfundibuliform, narrowed to the base and therefore distinctly
pedicellate, not exceeding its own spathel and attached to its bottom, sharply and
acutely two-keeled on the side next to the axis ; involucre cupular, rather deep,
truncate, deeply excavate and 2-toothed on the side of the neuter flower, of which
t h e areola is rather deep, lunate but often somewhat vertically evolute and sharply
bordered. Female flowers conical-ovoid, 4 mm. long; the calyx with 3 short small
t r i a n g u l a r acute teeth; the corolla pergaraentaceous, barely longer than the calyx,
divided down to about midway into 3 lanceolate acute lobes; stamens forming with
t h e united bases of the filaments an urceolate cup as high as the | of the corolla
and crowned with 6 short triangular acute t e e t h ; anthers short, very broadly sagittate,
w i t h acute tip and auricles; ovary turbinate, surmounted by a trigonous columnar
style of about the same length ; the stigmas elongate, acute, recurved, projecting f r om
t h e connivcnt perianth. Neuter flowers long, permanent, smaller and thinner than the
female ones. Fridting perianth explanate, and subtended by the sub-pedicelliform
involucrophorum. Fruit (immature) small, globose, fi mm. in diam. and 9 mm. long,
including the brown acute apical mucro (this 1'5 mm. l o n g ) ; scales in 18 longitudinal
aeries, shining, pale-yellow, superficially channelled along the middle with a very
n a r r ow brown intramarginal line, the margin scarious and minutely erose, the point
dark-coloured, short hairy-fimbriatc when seen under a lens.
HABITAT.—Celebes: iu the littoral jungle at Boni, collected by Zollinger in
November 1847 (Zoil. No. 3433) in Herb. Boiss. and Herb. Bruxelles. From North
Celebes I have seen a specimen in Herb. Berlin collected by Warburg at Bojong
i n the province of Minahassa.
OBSERVATIONS.—A note of Zollinger appended to the distributed specimens declares
this to be a very large and scandent species about 20 ni. high. A fine specimen
f r om a plant said to be from Menado in North Celebes, cultivated in the Botanical
Garden at Buitenzorg, No. 3920, and forwarded to me by Dr. Treub, proves the
huge dimensions of this species. I have no doubt that this specimen belongs to the
same species as Zollinger's No. 3433, but probably the cultivated plant has acquired
l a r g e r dimensions than the wild ones. On the Buitenzorg specimens I have based
t h e description of the vegetative organs; the male spadix has been described from
Zollinger's No. 3433 preserved in Martius' Herbarium at Bruxelles, and the female one
f r om another specimen, also of Zolliuger, with the same number and apparently oE
t h e same gathering in Boissier's Herbarium. I have added some general characters
f r om the spadix of tho above-mentioned cultivated plant.
I have received from the Leyden I l e r b a r i um a portion of a f r u i t i n g spadix with
p e r f e c t l y ripe f r u i t , which portion was intermingled with specimens of C, Burckianus
a n d had the label " R o t a n g Mapait, Celebes. De Vriese." This specimen in f r u i t,
I have little or no doubt, belongs to C. Zollingerii with which it agrees perfectly in
t h e shape and size of the pedunculate spikelets, as well as in. the spathes, spathels,
involucres and fruiting perianth. The finiit (which indeed is very similar to that
<3f C. Burehiams) is globose, 1 cm. in diam.; shortly and very abruptly mucronate;