4 0 0 ANNALS OF THE EOTAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. [ff. RumphU.
t o w a r d s t h e base, finely s t r i a t e l y v e i n e d ; the i n v o l u c r o p h o r u m is not s t a l k e d , almost
e x s e r t f r o m its o w n s p a t h e l a n d l a t e r a l l y a t t a c h e d to t h e b a s e of t h e one above.
F r o a i the f o r e g o i n g it would a p p e a r t h a t I h a v e d e r i v e d t h e d e s c r i p t i o n of t h is
s p e c i e s f r o m d e t a c h e d s p e c i m e n s of l e a v e s , m a l e a n d f e m a l e s p a d i x . I h a v e h o w e v er
l i t t l e or no d o u b t tliat t h e s e m a t e r i a l s b e l o n g to t h e same species. N e v e r t h e l e ss
1 c o n s i d e r C. formosams founded on O l d h a m ' s l e a f - s p e c i m e n . 0. formosanua has no
v e r y salient c h a r a c t e r s in t h e v e g e t a t i v e o r g a n s , but its a f f i n i t i e s a r e e v i d e n t l y w i th
t h e s p e c i e s of t h e g r o u p of C, palustris. It a p p e a r s r e l a t e d also to C. Moseleyanua,
b u t t h i s has s u b e ( i i . u d i s t a n t , not g r o u p e d l e a f l e t s.
PLATE 1 7 2 . — C a l a m u s f o m i o s a n u s Beca. Summit of a m a l e s p a d i x.
PLATE 1 7 2 A . — C a l a m u s f o r m o s a n u s Becc. Lower p a r t of a l e a f , w i t h p o r t i o n of
i t s s h e a t h ; an i n t e r m e d i a t e p o r t i o n ( u p p e r s u r f a c e ) a n d the c i r r i f e r o u s s u m m i t of t he
s a m e l o a f . — B o t h p l a t e s f r o m S w i n h o e ' s s p e c i m e n in H e r b . Kcw,
145. CALAMUS RUMPHII B1. R u m p h i a iii. 3 8 ; Miq. De P a l m i s Arch. Ind.
2 9 ; U . W e n d l . in K e t c h . P a l m . p. 237.
C. Rotang Linn. Sp. P l a n t . ( 2 n d e d i t . ) 463.
Dacmonovops Rumphii Mart. Hist. N a t . P a l m , iii, 3 3 1 ; Miq. FI. Ind.
B a t . iii. 1 0 3 ; W a l p . A n n . iii. 481 a n d v. 8 2 9 ; Becc. M a l e s i a i. 88.
Palmijmcus vet'us angustijoliu» sen Rottanq Tuni R u m p h . H e r b . Amb. v.
105, pi. 54.
DESCEIPTIOS.—High scan d e n t , naked canes as t h i c k as a r o a n ' s finger. Leafsheaths
strongly g i b b o u s above, a r m e d w i t h long slender s c a t t e r e d epiues, Leaves
I s r g s , about 2'5 m. long and t e r m i n a t i n g w i t h an e q u a l l y l o n g s t r o n g l y c l a w ed
flageUum; rachis s t r o n g l y a r m e d b e n e a t h with 3 - 4 - n a t e c l a w s ; leaflets not very
n u m e r o u s , r a t h e r r e m o t e l y e q u i d i s t a n t , about 7o cm. long and 3 - i ) - 4 cm. broad,
n a r r o w l y l a n c e o l a t e , very a c u m i n a t e , w i t h t h e m i d - c o s t a and one nerve on cacb
s i d e of it h r i s t l y b e n e a t h ; m a r g i n s c o n s p i c u o u s l y c i l i a t e . Male spadix . . . . ,
Female spadiz simply d e c o m p o u n d , b r o a d l y p a n i c u l a t e , large, about 50 cm. long,
flagelliferous, shorter t h a n t h e leaves, w i t h y or 4 p a r t i a l i n f l o r e s c e n c e s on each side,
e a c h of t h e s e b e a r i n g 3 - 5 s p i k o l e t s on each s i d e ; p r i m a r y s p a t h e s t u b u l a r , s p i n o u s;
s p i k e l e t s s h o r t , a b o u t 3 cm. long, with a f e w b i s e r i a t e flowers ( 3 - 4 i n each s e r i e s ? ).
Fruit globose-oblong, of m o d e r a t e size, s h o r t l y a n d b r o a d l y m u c r o n a t e . Seed convex
o n the back and w i t h a deep c h a l a z a l f o v e a on t h e r a p l i a l side, (Descr. f r om
R u m p h ) .
HABITAT.—A m b o i n a at t h e foot of t h e m o u n t a i n s at H i t u and L a h a a n d n o a r t he
Dammara forest b e h i n d t h e v i l l a g e of W a y a n d a l o n g tho r i v e r W a y - C r y in L e y t z m o r.
M a l a y names " R o t a n g T u n i " ; A m b o i n e e s e name " U a - H e l i t e . " The R o t a n g was
m u c h u s e d in A m b o i n a at t h e t i m e of R u m p h.
OBSERVATIONS.—I c o n s i d e r t h i s to be a t r u e R o t a n g allied to C. palusiris on
a c c o u n t of its l a r g e p a n i c l e d s p a d i c e s , w h i c h a r e said to be 4 ^ f e e t l o n g , w i t h the
f r u i t t h e size of a m u s k e t b u l l e t , not q u i t e g l o b o s e , but s l i g h i l y o b l o n g a n d n a r r o w ed
C. palustris.'] BECCABL MONOQEAPH OP THE GENUS CALAMUS. 401
i n t o a short and thick apex, and smaller than t h a t of " R o t a n g C a l a p p a"
{Daemonorops oalappariuf).
1 4 6 . CALAMUS PALUSTKIS G r i f f , in Cale. J o u r a . N a t . H i s t . v. 61, and Palms
B r i t . I n d . r i . pi. c x c i x ; Mavt. H i s t . Nat. P a l m iii, 3 3 9 ; Miq. Fl.
I n d . B a t . iii. 1 3 1 ; W a l p . A n n . iii. 490 a n d v. 8 3 1 ; Hook. fil. Fl.
B r i t . I n d . vi. 4 5 8 ; Becc. in R e e . Bot. Surv. I n d . ii. 211.
C. laiifoiius (not of Roxb.) K u r z in J o u m . As. Soe. B e n g a l , xliii. 2,
( 1 8 7 4 ) 210, pi. x s i A, a n d F o r . F l . B r i t . B u r m a ii. 518 ( p a r t l y ).
DESCRIPTION.—Scan d e n t , of m o d e r a t e or r a t h e r large size. Sheathed stem 3-4
c m . , t h e naked canes 2 - 2 ' 5 cm. i n d i a m . with a p o l i s h e d j e l l o w i s h g r e e n s u r f a c e;
t h e i n t e r n o d e s about 20 cm. long. Leaf-sheaths not flagelliferous, distinctly gibbous
a b o v e , o b l i q u e l y t r u n c a t e at the m o u t h , l i g h t c o l o u r e d w h e n diy, u s u a l l y armed
w i t h not m a n y but v e r y l a r g e , pale, b r o a d l y l a m i n a r , d e f l e x e d , s o l i l a r y , s c a t t e r e d or
s u b c o n f l u e n t or even s u b s e r i a t e , 2 - 8 cm. long, b r o a d - b a F o d and u n d e r n e a t h concave
s p i n e s . Ocrea (in the leaves of the u p p e r part of the p l a n t ) v e r y r u d i m e n t a r y,
H g u l i f o r m . Leaves large, t h o s e of t h e u p p e r part of the p l a n t c i r r i f e r o u s ; p e t i o le
i n y o u n g v i g o r o u s p l a n t s r a t h e r l o n g , in those of the u p p e r p a r t of t h e floriferous
s t e m s 8 - 1 0 cm. l o n g or at t i m e s a l m o s t o b s o l e t e , and, liko t h e first portion of the
r a c h i s , m o r e or less spiiious at the sides, flat above w h e r e smooth or m o r e or less
a r m e d w i t h v e r y short erect spines, r o u n d e d b e n e a t h w h e r e s m o o t h or m o r e or less
c l a w c d : u p w a r d s (the r a c h i s ) s u b c y l i n d r a c c o u s or o b s o l e t e l y a n g u l a r or s u b t r i g o n o u s,
a r m e d w i t h b l a c k - t i p p e d c l a w s ; t h e s e s o l i t a r y l o w e r down, t e r n a t e and I m l f - w h o r l ed
h i g h e r u p ; c i r r u s v e r y r o b u s t and long, o b s o l e t e l y a n g u l a r , p o w e r f u l l y , closely and
r e g u l a r l y armed with h a l f - w h o r l s of s t r o n g b l a c k - t i p p e d c l a w s ; leaflets not very
n u m e r o u s , i n e q u i d i s t a n t , u s u a l l y a p p r o x i m a t e by twos or t e r n a t e , with l o n g v a c a nt
s p a c e s i n t e r p o s e d on each side of the r a c h i s , t h e f a s c i c l e s b e i n g a l t e r c a t e or subo
p p o s i t e , o f t e n w i t h a s o l i t a r y leaflet i n t e r p o s e d , firmly p a p y r a c e o u s , ruore or less
b r o a d l y l a n c e o l a t e or e l l i p t i c - l a n c e o l a t e and almost e q u a l l y n a r r o w e d to t o t h ends or
e v e n o b l a n c c o l a t e , acule at the bases, a c u m i n a t e at the s u m m i t into a sometimes
r a t h e r l o n g b r i s t l y tip, more or less c o n c a v o - c o n v e x ; g l a b r o u s , g r e e n a n d s u b s h i n i ng
a b o v e w h e r e s t r i p e d along the m a r g i n s , e s p e c i a l l y on tho lower one a n d o c c a s i o n a l ly
a l s o l o n g i t u d i n a l l y on the blade, w i t h p o l i s h e d b r o w n b a n d s , t h e s e c o r r e s p o n d i n g to
t h e e x p o s e d p a r t in p r c e f o l i a t i o n , s u b c o n c o l o r o u s or paler b e n e a t h , ó - 7 - c o s t u l a t e , the
c o s t a e acute a b o v e , s l e n d e r b e n e a t h a n d n a k e d on both s u r f a c e s or o c c a s i o n a l l y w i th
a f e w s p i n u l e s on t h o m i d - c o s t a a b o v e ; t r a n s v e r s e v e i n l o t s r a t h e r close t o g e t h e r and
v e r y m i n u t e ; m a r g i n a l m o s t n a k e d or s p a r s e l y s p i n u l o u s l o w e r d o w n , c i l i a t e u p w a r ds
a n d r a t h e r d e n s e l y setose at t h e a p e x ; t h e l a r g e s t l e a f l e t s , t h e i n t e r m e d i a t e , usually
3 0 - 4 0 cm. long and 3 - 6 cm. b r o a d , but s o m e t i m e s as m u c h as 50 b y 8 - 1 0 cm.
Male spadix u l t r a d e c o m p o u u d at its base, s i m p l y d e c o m p o u n d u p w a r d s , s h o r t e r than
t h e l e a v e s , f o r m i n g a l a r g e p a n i c l e 1 - 1 ' 5 m. l o n g w i t h m a n y not v e r y r e m o t e p a r t i al
i n f l o r e s c e n c e s , t e r m i n a t i n g in a s u b f i a g e l l i f o rm ( 2 0 - 5 0 cm. l o n g ) a c u l c o l a t e a p p e n d i x;
u p p e r p r i m a r y spathes t u b u l a r - s u b c y l i n d r a c e o u s , s l i g h t l y e n l a r g e d above, closely
s h e a t h i n g , m o r e or less a r m e d w i t h r e c u r v e d p r i c k l e s , d e c a y e d and l a c e r a t e d at the
s u m m i t ; l o w e r p a r t i a l i n f l o r e s c e n c e s a b o u t 50 cm. l o n g w i t h m a n y b r a n c h l e t s at t h e ir
ANN. EOY. BOT. QAKD. C^ VOL. X I .