90 AlíNALS OF THE ROYAL BOTAÍfIC G-AUDEN, CALCUTTA.
subscorpioid, witli few slightly assurgent or not perfectly flatly bifarious flowers :
involucropliorum aud involucre flat, discoid, almost hoiizontally subtended by their
own spathei. Fndt spherical, mamuiillate, about 12 mm. in diam.
Lower Cochin-China.
79. C. Rotang L. —Scandcnt. Sheathed stem 8-16 mm. in diam. Leaf-shcaiJn
more or loss sraied with broad-based, straight, subulate spines. Leaves 40-80 cm.
.'ong; petiole very short or almost 0. Leaflets numerous, equi- or sub-equidistant,
narrowly: or sublinear-lauceolato, unicostate, the costa bristly beneath, usually provided
above with 1 or 3 robust spinulcs near its base and a few subspinous bristles on the
remidnder. Male spadio elongate, idtradocompound; spikolets subscorpioid, shoa-t, 12-25
mm. long at most, with 5-13 approximate flowers on each side. Male /lowers
Bubtrigonous-ovate, acute; the corolla divided almost to the base into 3 segments.
Female spadiv flagelliform; partial inaoreseenccs lr5-30 cm. long at most, and with
5-B .spikelets on each side, the upper ones shorter; spikelets strongly ai-cuate, 3-5 cm.
long, with the neuter flower divaricate. Fruiting perianth pedicelliform. Fruit globose,
13-13 mm. broad, 13-15 mm. long, luimitely apiculate. Scales in 21 señes, faintly
channelled along the middle. Seed flattened or sublenticular.
Ceylon and Lower India.
HO. C- Walkerii Hance.—Apparently scandcnt and of moderate size. Leaves
petiolate. Leaflets veiy numerous, equidistant, 23-24 mm. apart, ensiform, rather large,
with 3 costie, which are acute and bristly above and usually naked beneath; rachis
armed beneath along the centre with black-tipped deflexed sometimes even 3 cm. long
spines. Female spadix decompound, prolonged into a long clawed flagellum: primary
spathes tubular, closely sheathing; partial inflorescences few, rather compact, pyramidal,
the largest about 20 cm. long, with 18-30 approximate very regularly set and speedily
shortening spikelets on each side; spikelets filiform, slightly arcuate, 6-7 cm. long at
most, ivith 15-16 distichous flowers on each side. Fruit small, ovoid, apiculate,
12 mm. long. Scales in 18 series, not channelled along tlie middle. Seed flattened.
Hong-Kong.
81. C- Faberii Becc.—Apparently scandent and of moderate ázc, Leaflets very
numerous, equidistant, rather approximate, linear-lanceolate, 3-c03tate, on the upper
sm-face the 3 costaB, underneath only the central one, bristly; rachis armed (at least
n ^ r the simunit) with short solitary approximate claws. Female spadix elongateflagelliform,
clawed in its attenuated parts; primary spathes elongate, tubular, closely
sheathing; partial inflorescences remote, rather many, pyi-amidal, 18-20 cm. long, witli
about 10 spikelets on each side; these speedily decreasing in length, the lower ones
5 - 6 cm. long with 12-13 flowers on each side; the iippermost veiy few-flowered.
Fruiting perianth shortly pedicelliform; the corolla almost twice as long as the calyx.
Fruit (_i:nmature) ovoid, small.
S. China.
82. C. tonhinensis Becc.—Not scandent, bushy. Leaf-rachis ai'med beneath with
straight not hooked deflexed spines. Leaflets numerous, equidistant, 2'5 cm. apart,
narrowly ensiform, the intermediate ones 30-32 cm, long, 18-19 mm. broad, very
-distinctly 3- ai-d sometimes sub-5<!Ostate; the mid-costa naked on both surfaces, one
BKCCARI. MONOGEAPH OP THE GKNÜS CALAMUS. 91
neiTe on each side of it sparingly bristly above and naked beneath. Female spadi:
partially supiudeconipound and apparently large; primary spathes tubular, closely
sheathing; partial inflorescences panicled, with numerous spikelets, of which the lowei
ones are branched and the uppermost veiy short. Fruiting perianth shortly but
distinctly pedicellifoim. Fruit small, broadly ovate, mucronulate, 10-11 mm. long,
8 mm. broad. Scales shining, not channelled along the middle.
Tonkin.
S5. C. Oelessertianus Becc.—Probably scandent and of moderate size. Leaflets
numerous, rather closely set and equidistant, elongate-ensifoim, 8ub-5-costulate, the
intermediate ones 32-35 cm. long, 30-22 mm. broad, tlie main costaj fiumished
with bulbous bristles on the U2)per surface, underneath the mid-costa only biistly;
the margins closely spinulous. Female ?padi:c apparently large and elongate ; upper
piimary spathe.s elongate, cylindraceous; partial inflorescences (in one specimen)
30 cm. long, with 13 distichous spikelets on each side; spikelets inserted just at the
mouth of their respective spathes with a distinct axillary callus, the lower ones about
6 cm long, with 20 flowers on each side ; involucrophonuu not pedicellate ; female
flowers 3 mm. long ; neuter flowers more slender, but as long as the female ones,
their corolla twice as long as the calyx.
Lower India.
84. C. Brandisii Becc.—Scandent. Sheathed stem 10-15 mm. in diam. Leaf-sheaths
armed with numerous acicular spines, the mouth and the ocrea furnished with numerous
long bristly spicule. Leaves about 55 cm. long, llie petiole (15 cm. long) armed
like the rachis with long, solitary, straight, subulate, scattered and in the lower part of
the rachis deflexed spines. Leaflets few, elongate-lanceolate, very inequidistant, a few
of them approximate and digitate at the sinnmit, almost all equal, 35-¿7 cm. long,
20-20 cm. broad, 1- or sub-3-costulate. Female spadix elongate, fiageUiferous and
aculeolate at the summit; larger partial inflorescences 15-20 cm. long, with 5-6
spikelets on each side.
Lower India.
85. c. salicifolius Becc.—Small and bushy. Sheathed stem 6-7 mm. in diam.
Leaf-sheaLhs armed with not many short and rather long straight horizontal spines,
and when not bearing a spadix provided with a very short rudimentary flagellum.
Leaves small, 20-30 cm. long ; petiole very short or 0. Leaflets few, subglaucescent
elliptic-lanceolate, acute, 5--10 cm. long, 8-15 mm. broad, distinctly grouped into
6 - 6 fascicles with rather long vacant spaces interposed, the mid-costa above with
2-3 relatively long spines, otherwise nttkod on both surfaces; margins spinulous,
Feviale spadix short, ultnideoompound; female flowers accompanied by a well developed
apparently fertile male flower. Fruiting perianth shortly pedicelUform. Fruit very
small, globular, stoutly beaked, 8 mm. broad.
Cochin-China.
0. salicifolius var. leiophyllus Leaflets almost -without
costa, and with the margins smooth or nearly so.
Cochin-China.
AÜN. EOT. BOT. QAED. CALCVTTA TOL. X I .
spines on the mid