afforded on the Bering Sea coast north of Bristol Bay ; hence the Robins are limited to the interior
at this season. There is one exception, however, on the north coast of Norton Sound, where the
spruce-forest approaches the sea, and here they are found in summer. Such stragglers as are found
in the vicinity of St. Michael’s, numbering several every summer, usually approach the houses for
food in early spring and remain but a few hours. They are rather suspicious and easily alarmed,
and all I saw were invariably silent, apparently depressed by the forbidding surroundings, and
inclined to hasten back to the more hospitable region in the interior. Their nests and nesting-habits
are precisely the same in the north as they are in their southern locations, except that in the north they
are limited more strictly to the wild woods. All the considerable series brought home by me are
typical of the eastern form, and not one is referable to the western M. propinqua. They are unknown
on the Aleutian and other islands in Bering Sea, except occasionally on the Seal Islands, as
mentioned.”
Mr. R. Macfarlane records the species as breeding near Port Anderson in Arctic America, and
says that a few were also met with on the banks of the Swan and Wilmot-Horton Rivers, in the
Barren Grounds (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. p. 445). The British Museum contains a specimen from
Hudson’s Bay, where Sir George Back procured one at Fort Franklin; and it seems to be distributed
across the continent, as it breeds in Labrador. Here Mr. W. A. Stearns says that he saw a small
flock of these Thrushes at Old Fort Bay on the 10th of October, 1881, and also shot a specimen on
the 26th of April, 1882. He also found them breeding in the interior in June of the same year
(Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vi. p. 116, 1883). Mr. Lucien Turner (op. cit. viii. p. 235) states that he
found the species abundant throughout the country, and breeding plentifully at Fort Chimo, Ungava.
Mr. Hagerup records it as an occasional visitant to South Greenland (B. Greenl. p. 62).
The breeding-range of the species likewise extends throughout Canada; and in Manitoba
Mr. Ernest Thompson says that it is a common summer resident in half-open woods, and it is also a
plentiful migrant, as well as a breeding bird (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiii. p. 364). Blakiston found it
breeding at the Forks of the Saskatchewan (Ibis, 1862, p. 4), and specimens presented by
Mr. B. R. Ross from the Salt River and Fort Simpson are in the British Museum.
The Seebohm Collection contains old and young birds from Toronto, sent by Mr. James Whitely,
and Mr. J. H. Fleming has presented to the British Museum several specimens from the same
district. At Point du Monts, in Quebec, Dr. C. H. Merriam found the Robin to be a “ common
summer resident, arriving about the 1st of May and remaining till late in November, one being
seen as late as December ” (Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii. p. 234).
Messrs. Brittain and Cox (Auk, j j ( p. 119) state that it was very common in summer in the
Restigouche Valley in New Brunswick, and Mr. Batchelder noticed it on the Upper St. John River.
It was rather common at Fort Fairfield, and was abundant everywhere at Grand Falls (Bull. Nutt.
Orn. Club, vii. p. 108). Mr. Dwight says that it is abundant in the more open country in summer
on Prince Edward’s Island (Auk, x. p. 15), and Dr. Bishop found it very plentiful on the Magdalen
Islands and breeding everywhere (Auk, vi. p. 1.50):;
The Robin is a common summer resident in the New England States’ (Steams, New England
Bird-Life, i. p. 1). In the District of Columbia it is a common bird, beginning to nest about the
middle of April (Richmond, Auk, v. p. 25).' Mr. Warren states that the Robin is abundant
throughout Pennsylvania during the spring, summer, and autumn (B. Pennsylvania, p. 224), a few
also wintering in the State. Mr. Baily found the species very common all over the open upland
m Northern. Elk County in June and July (Auk, xiii. p. 297), and Mr. Dwight, in his paper on the
“ Summer Birds of the Pennsylvania Alleghanies,” says that it was abundant everywhere except in
the deep woods (Auk, ix. p. 141). In Ohio, Mr. Oberholzer says that it is an'abundant summer
visitor, a few sometimes remaining over winter (B. Wayne Co.. p. 338). Several specimens from
Illinois, obtained in spring and summer, are in the British Museum, as well as others from Michigan.
On Mackinac Island, Mr. Whyte says that it is a common summer resident, being “ shy and a frequenter
of the woods, rarely appearing in the towns ” (Auk, x. p. 230).
In Indiana, Mr. Eversmann records it as one of the commonest and best known of the summer
residents, leaving so late in the autumn and returning so early in the spring as almost to appear a
permanent resident (Auk, vi. p. 30). It is also a summer bird in Minnesota (Hatch, B. Minnesota,
p. 442). In South-eastern Dakota, Mr. Agersborg states that the Robin is a not very abundant
summer resident, but he has known it to winter on four occasions. Eggs ready to hatch were found
as early as May (Auk, ii. p. 277). Dr. Elliott Coues writes:—*‘ Found in abundance at Pembina,
where it was breeding in the wooded river bottom. In this latitude the eggs are laid during the
middle and latter parts of June, and I scarcely think that more than one brood is reared annually.
Further westward the species seems to occur chiefly during the migrations, as most of the country is
unsuited to its wants. In September, large numbers were observed in the fringes of trees along the
Mouse River. During the second season the birds were again found on the Upper Missouri River
and in the Rocky Mountains. On the whole, the species is much less numerous, excepting in the
immediate valley of the Red River, than it is in settled and wooded portions of the United States, and
probably none pass the winter in this latitude ” (Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. iv. p. 549).
The species breeds in Kansas, according to the ‘ A. O. U. Check-list ’ (p. 320) and in Virginia.
Mr. Rives (Auk, vi. p. 52) says that in the White Top Mountains, in the last-named State, “ Robins
were to be found even above 5000 feet,” and not far from the top he caught a young bird.
In Kentucky it is a common winter visitant, according to Mr. Pindar (Auk, vi. p. 216), and it is
found in Missouri in winter also (Wiedmann, Auk, xiii. p. 219). Mr. Fox, in his list of birds of
Roane Co., Tennessee (Auk, iii. p. 315), says that he found it “ abundant in large flocks during March,
and it was common until the middle of April in 1884, but was scarce after the 1st of April in 1885,
the flocks keeping entirely to the woods until the end of March. It was nesting on the 7th of
April, 1884.”
In the mountains of North Carolina Mr. Batchelder found the species in winter (Auk, iii. p. 314),
and Mr. Loomis observed it on migration in Chester Co. (Auk, ix. p. 29), but it breeds in western
North Carolina, as is seen from the following note by Mr. S e nme t tRa r e l y seen in the lowlands,
but common on the summit of Roan Mountain, where I found two nests with eggs in the balsams
(altitude 6300 feet). Others were brought to me which had been taken in the woods far from any
habitation ” (Auk, iv. p' 245). Mr. Brewster likewise observes : - S Irregularly but very generally
distributed in western North Carolina, from the lowest valleys, if not quite to the summit of the
highest mountains. In the low country it was seen only in or near towns, where it had all the
familiar habits of our northern bird; but on the sides and tops of the mountains it oocurred miles
away from any house or clearing, and in the wildest possible places. It was most numerous at
Highlands, and on the Black Mountain between 4000 and 5000 feet. Throughout the entire
mountain region it's song and habits seemed to be perfectly natural. A female shot on the
27th of May was laying. This and another specimen (male, May 28) are smaller than northern
specimens, and the throat in both is nearly immaculate.”
Mr. W. E. D. Scott states (Auk, vii. p. 120) that on the Gulf Coast of Florida the Robin is
“ an irregular migrant, but present in small numbers almost every year, and sometimes abundant.
Appears late in December and remains till the 10th of March, which is its latest record. Mr. Atkins
says it was irregular in its visits" to Punta Rassa, but was common at Key West in December and
January, 1887.” Messrs. Brewster and Chapman (Auk, viii. p. 138) noticed it on the Suwanee
River from March 11th to April 1st, and Mr. Scott in the Caloosahatchie Region between Nov. 21st
and April 26th (Auk, ix. p. 214). At Gainesville Mr. Chapman (Auk, v. p. 277) says that it was