TURDUS USTULATUS, Nutt.
ETJSSET-BACKED THETJSH.
Turdus uatulatus, Nutt. Man. (2nd ed.) i. p. vi ||!8 4 0 ); Salvin & Godman, Biol. Centr-Amer.,
Ayes, i. p. 10 (1879); Seebohm, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. v. p. 203 (1881).
Turdus mainsonii, var. vstulatus, Coues, Key'N, Amer, B. p. 73 (1872); Baird, Brewer, &
Ridgw. Hist. North. Amer. B. i. p. 16 (1874).
Turdus swainsoni, c, ustulatus, Coues, B. North-West, p. 4 (1874); id. B. Color. Vail. p. 35
(1878),
Hylocichla ustulata, Ridgway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, iii, p. 166 (1880), iv. p. 207 (1881), p, 675
(1882).
Turdus swainsoni (nee Cab,), Salvin & Godman, Ibis, 1880, p. 115,
T, minor : annulo ophthalmico pallido valde indicato: suprit rufescenti-brunneus : plaga albid& ad basin internam
primariorum lat& et valde conspicu&.
T his is a western species, with a more restricted range than its near ally, T. swainsoni.
Mr. Ridgway gives its range as the Pacific coast of North America, north to Sitka. It has not been
found in any part of Alaska, where its ally, T. swainsoni, takes its place ; but it is very common in
British Columbia in the coast-region, and breeds, according to Mr. F. M. Chapman (Bull. Amer.
Mus. N. H. p. 154). Specimens from Fort Rupert in Vancouver Island and from Hidalgo Bay
collected by Dr. Lyall are in the British Museum.
It is a summer resident in Washington Territory according to Mr. Lawrence (Auk, ix. p. 47),
and also in Oregon according to Mr. Anthony (Auk, iii. p. 172). Dr. Merrill noticed it breeding
near Fort Klamath (Auk, v. p. 365). On the Columbia River Dr. Cooper states that it arrives about
the 1st of May and leaves in September, nesting from June 15th to July 13th (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.
ii. p. 245). The last-named naturalist (I. c.) records the species from many districts in California.
He found it nesting at Santa Cruz (lat. 37°) in May, and at Heywood (lat, 37p 40’) in May and
June. He believes that only one brood is reared in California. Mr. Brewster has recorded the
occurrence of T. ustulatus in the Santa Rita Mountains in Arizona on the 17th of May (Bull, Nutt,
Orn. Club, vii. p. 68).
The lines of migration of the species are marked by specimens in the Salvin-Godman Collection
from the following localities Ysleta, Sonora, May 16,1888 (W . Lloyd) ; Beltran, Jalisco, April 29,
1889 (W. Lloyd); Rio Papagaio, Guerrero, Oct. 1888 (Mrs. H. H. Smith); Puebla, Oct. 2, 1888
(W. R. JRichardson); Misantla, Vera Cruz, Dec. 1889 (M. Trujillo); Eureka, Volcan de Tacana,
Chiapas, 5000 feet, Feb. 20 (W. R. JRichardson); Tuxtla, Chiapas, March 10-19 (W. JB. JRichardson);
Union Juarez, Chiapas, 4000 feet, March 29 (W JB. Richardson); Huehuetan, Chiapas, April 9
(W. R. Richardson). Grayson met with it in the fr e s Marias Islands, where it was abundant in the
woods in January (Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. xiv. p. 276) ; but Messrs. Salvin and Godman think that the
specimens recorded by Dr. Sclater from Orizaba (Rotteri) and by Mr. Lawrence from Tehuantepec
(Sumichrast) were in all probability T. ustulatus and not T. swainsoni (Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, i.
p 12). They observe :—“ In Guatemala we found it very common at Coban in Vera Paz during the