Kg 1. TURDUS LEUCOMELAS.
I f 2 GYM.NOPHTHALMOS
Hanhart. im p .
TURDUS LEUCOMELAS, Vieill.
DUSKY THRUSH.
Zorzal obscuro y bianco, Azara, Apunt. i. p. 341, no. lxxx. (1802).
Turdus leucomelas, Vieill. N. Diet. d’Hist. Nat. xx. p. 238 (1818) ; Sci. & Salv. Exot. Orn.
p. 143, pi. lxxii. (1868); Seebohm, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. v. p. 213 (1881).
1 Turdus olivaceus (nee Linn.), Lafr. & d’Orbigny, Mag. de Zool., Syn. Av. 1837, p. 17.
1 Turdus rufiventris (nec V.), d’Orbigny, Toy. Atnér. Mérid. iv. pt. 3, p. 203 (1840).
Turdus amaurochalinus, Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 5 (1850). '
Planesticus amaurochalinus, Bp. C. It. xxxviii. p. 3 (1854).
Turdus albiventris (nec Spix), Sci P. Z. S. 1858, p. 451.
Turdus crotopezUs (nec Licht.), Burin. Syst. Uebers. iii. p. 123 (1856) ; id. Reis. La Plata-St. ii.
p. 474 (1861).
Turdus albicollis (nec V.), Euler, MSS. no. 224 (teste Cab. J. f. O. 1874, p. 82).
T. plagà gulari albà minus conspicuà : pedibus nigricantibus : pectore et hypochondriis pallidè cinerascentibus vel
brunneis : rostro in ptilosi sestivà flavo, in ptilosi hiemali vel hornotinà nigricante: plagànudà oculari nullà:
gutture distinctè ni grò striolato.
T his species is widely distributed in South America. It is common near Buenos Ayres and breeds
there, though Mr. Hudson believes that the species is also a partial migrant (Sci. & Hudson, Argent.
Orn. i. p. 1). Specimens were sent from Conchitas by Mr. Hudson (Sci. & Salv. P. Z. S. 1868,
p. 138), and Mr E. W. White has recorded the species from Concepcion in Misiones and Santo
Tomo in Corrientes (P. Z. S. 1882, p. 592), while Mr. Withington has also forwarded specimens from
Lomas de Zamora (Ibis, 1888, p. 462), where he says that it is fairly plentiful in winter and spring.
Herr Frenzel has noticed it in the Province of Cordova (J. f. O. 1894, p. 117), and Dr. Borelli
obtained it at Santa Rosa in Salta (Salvad. Boll. Mus. Torino, x. p. 2).
The range of the species is said to extend to Mendoza by Burmeister (Reis. La Plata-St. ii.
p. 474). In the British Museum are two skins said to be from Chili. They were received from the
Zoological Society many years ago ; but there seems to be at present no warrant for supposing that
the species is found in Chili proper, and it is omitted in Mr. Berkeley James’s list of the birds
inhabiting the last-named country.
In Uruguay Mr. O. V. Aplin states that he found the species rather common in the monte of
the Rio Negro in December (Ibis, 1894. p. 161). The British Museum contains a specimen from
Paysandu, procured by Mr. Alan Peel in August. Mr. Barrows says that the species was abundant
at Concepcion all the year round, but was not observed at Azul nor at any of the points further south
(Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, viii. p. 85). From Paraguay came Azara’s original account of the species,
and Dr. Borelli met with it at Villa Ricca in Central Paraguay (Salvad. Boll. Mus. Torino, x. p. 2).
Mr. Graham Kerr found it oh the Lower Pilcomayo (Ibis, 1892, p. 122).
It seems to be of wide range in Brazil. Dr. Ihering obtained specimens .at Taquara in Rio
Grande do Sul, in February, July, and August (Berlepsch & Ihering, Zeitschr. ges. Orn. ii. p. 16,