along the coast north of Massachusetts, and the only record for Maine. In the Seebohm Collection,
however, is a specimen obtained many years ago by Mr. G. A. Boardraan at Calais, in Maine.
Mr. Faxon, in his list of the ‘ Summer Birds of Berkshire Co., Mass.,’ states that the Wood-
Thrush was “ common at the lower levels and extended high up the beech-forest at the head of the
Hooper: it was also found sparingly at other points on the mountains ” (Auk, vi. pp. 46, 106).
Mr. IVitmer Stone found it not common in summer in the Pine Barrens of New Jersey, and
confined to the dense cedar-swamps (Auk, xi. p. 140).
In Pennsylvania, Mr. Warren states that the species is an abundant snmmer resident from
about the last week in April to October 1st (B. Pennsylv. p. 223). Mr. Dwight, m his paper on the
“ Summer Birds of the Pennsylvania Alleghanies,” states that it is an abundant species, found in the
woods to the highest point (Auk, ix. p. 140). Mr. Todd also says that in Indiana and Clearfield
Counties, in the same State, he noticed the bird as common throughout the woodland (Auk, x.
pp. 41, 46). In Ohio the Wood-Thrush remains from May to September (Jones, Auk, xii. p. 241).
In Indiana it is also a summer resident and breeds (Evermann, Auk, vi. p. 29). The same is the
case in the States of Illinois and Michigan, and in the latter it is recorded as a common snmmer
resident on Mackinac Island by Mr. S. E. White (Auk, x. p. 229). In Minnesota, Dr. P. L, Hatch
says, the species arrives early in May, the males coming a little in advance of the females. Two
broods are reared, and the departure southward takes place about the middle of September (Birds
of Minnesota, p. 43.3).
Prof. Elliott Coues writes :—“ This distinctively eastern species ascends the Missouri as far at
least as Fort Pierre, in Dakota, and is reported by Dr. Hayden as being quite numerous along the
wooded river-bottoms.” In S.E. Dakota, Mr. Agersborg says it is very rare, but breeds along the
Missouri and Big Sioux rivers (Auk, ii. p. 277). Mr. Allen found it exceedingly abundant in
Eastern Kansas, but not beyond (Coues, B. N.-West, p. 2).
Turning eastwards again, we find the Wood-Thrush included among the breeding birds of the
district of Columbia by Mr. Richmond (Auk, v. p. 2*5), and it is found in Virginia in summer
(Rives, Auk, iii. p. 160). In Kentucky it is also a summer resident (Pindar, Auk, vi. p. 316) ; and
the same is probably the case with the State of Tennessee, where Mr. Langdon procured specimens
in August on the Chilhowee Mountains at elevations ranging between 2000 to 4000 feet. Mr. Fox
reports it as rather common in Roane Co. in April (Auk, iii. p. 315). In Western Missouri
Mr. Scott found the species quite1 common and first noticed it on the 1st of May : it bred in small
numbers (Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv. p. 140).
In South Carolina, according to Mr. Loomis, the Wood-Thrush is rather common in summer as
well as on migration (Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv. p. 210). He also found it quite plentiful on Ceesar’s
Head in South Carolina in June (Auk, viii. p. 333). In western North Carolina Mr. Brewster
records it as abundant and generally distributed, ranging from the lowest valleys to at least 4500 feet
on the mountain sides, and breeding everywhere, but most numerously in the thickets of rhododendrons
near streams (Auk, iii. p. 178). At Coosada, in Alabama, Mr. Brown states that the
Wood-Thrush arrived on the 12th of April in full song, but was never very common, inhabiting only
swampy thickets and hard-wood groves (Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, ii. p. 169). In his paper on birds
observed on the Lower Mississippi in the summer of 1881, Mr. Hay says that it appeared to be
abundant, and individuals were seen and shot at Memphis and Vicksburg (Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club
vii. p. 160). Mr. Beckham observed it common in the woodland of Bayon Sara, in Louisiana
in April (Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii. p. 160).
In Florida the Wood-Thrush is chiefly known as a rare spring and fall migrant to the Gulf
coast, according to Mr. W. E. D. Scott (Auk, vii. p. 119), and he says the same of the species in
the Caloosahatchie region (Auk, ix. p. 214). Specimens collected by him at Tarpon Springs in
April axe in the Salvin-Godman Collection. Mr. Wayne has found the species breeding I in the
Wacissa and Ancilla (districts, of Florida (Auk, xii. p. 366), and he heard a bird singing in April on
the Suwanee River.
Mr. Nehrling (Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii. p. 6) says that in South-eastern Texas the Woodr
Thrush arriyes from the north early in October, but is not common in the winter months,
inhabiting swampy thickets and bottom woods. Specimens collected by Mr. F. B. Armstrong at
Corpus Christi and Brownsville, in April and October, are in the Salvin-Godman Collection.
The line of migration of the present species appears to be by Eastern Mexico to its winter
home, but it has been recorded by Lawrence (Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 4, p. 11) as having been
found by Sumichrast near Tehuantepec city on the Pacific side. Messrs. Salvin and Godman, in
the ‘ Biologia Centrali-Americana ’ (Aves, i. p. 9), give the following localities for the species, to
which are added some other instances of its occurrence in Mexico, based upon specimens in the
Salvin-Godman Collection in the British Museum:—Tampico, Feb. (W. R. Richardson: spec, in
Mus. S.-G.), Colipa (F. I). Godman: spec, in Mus. S.-G.), Vega del Casadero {M. Trujillo: spec, in
Mils. S.-G.), Teapa, Vera Cruz {R. W. Smith: spec, in Mus. S.-G.), Cordova {Sallé; Sclater, P. Z. S.
1856, p. 294), Jalapa {Re Oca; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 362), Orizaba (Sumichrast, Mem. Bust. So©.
Nat. Hist. i. p. 543), Tierra Caliente of the Atlantic {Le Strange), Tabasco (Bp. C. R. xxxviii. p. 2).
Specimens from Orange Walk and Cayo in British Honduras, obtained by Dr. F. Blancaneaux,
are in the Salvin-Godman Collection, and Dr. G. F. Gaumer obtained many examples during the
winter months in the islands of Cozumel and Mugeres (Salvin, Ibis, 1888, p. 242). In Guatemala
Messrs. Salvin and Godman state that the most western point at which they met with the species
was Godines, “ a small village 7000 feet above the sea, situated in the mountains at the eastern
end of the upland lake of Atitlan: here it was observed in February 1874. In the neighbourhood
of Coban, in Vera Paz, it is, during the winter months, a very common bird; and it may be found
in the second-growth woods, especially wherever a mountain-stream runs ” (Biol. Centr.-Amer.,
Aves, i. p. 9).
Leyland procured a specimen at Omoa in Honduras (Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 55), and
Mr. Dyson also met with the species in that country, some skins of his preserving being in the
British Museum. More recently Mr. Underwood has obtained a single example of this species
on the Volcano of Miravalles in Costa Rica (Ibis, 1896, p. 482). In Nicaragua Mr. Richmond
says he heard the species several times on the Escondido River, and noticed it first on November 7
(Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xvi. p. 482). In the Seebohm Collection is a skin said to have come from
Veragua, but it bears no indication of the collector, and there has probably been some mistake
as to the locality.
According to Mr. C. B. Cory, the Wood-Thrush is occasionally found in Cuba, and it has
been recorded from Jamaica; but its occurrence in the latter island is questioned (Auk, iii.
p. 1), and Mr. Scott did not meet with it during his expedition to Jamaica (Auk, x. p. 342).
Mr. Ridgway has recorded a specimen from New Providence in the Bahamas, obtained by the
Naturalists of the ‘ Albatross ’ on the 16th of April (Auk, viii. p. 335).
Mr. Nehrling has given a good account of the species in his work on North American Birds ¡
“ It is found chiefly in low damp woodlands which are thickly covered with undergrowth, and
prefers for settlement the shady interior to the noisy and busy neighbourhood of man. • I t loves the
deep half-darkness of the forest-solitude with its peace and quietness. Here one can hear the
wonderful, harmonious, flute-like song from early dawn till the fall of the evening twilight. Although
usually selecting low woods for its home, it seems to love equally well high mountain regions. In
the mountains of North Carolina and elsewhere it loves to nest in the grand evergreen rhododendrons
(R. catawahiense, R. punctatum).