merely to differences in seasonal plumage. I have pointed out in the description of the species
given below, that the winter plumage is much more russet than the breeding-plumage, which is
greyer and more olive. As Messrs. Salvin and Godman have shown in the * Biologia,’ the greyer birds
are found with others of the normal colour; but when reliable dates of capture are attached to the
specimens, it will be found that the greyer individuals are in spring or summer plumage, while the
more rufous ones have been killed in the winter months. The reluctance of collectors to preserve
the ragged and moulting specimens of the autumn months has resulted in the regrettable fact that
in all the large series in the Museum we have not a single bird which shows the moult from the
worn grey summer plumage to the russet dress of winter.
Gray’s Thrush will probably be found to be a species which visits the more elevated regions for
nesting-purposes, spreading over the lower districts in the winter. The late Colonel Grayson says
that it was gregarious and partially migratory in the. district of Tepic which he visited (Proc. Bost.
Soc. N. H. xiv. p. 276). Messrs. Salvin and Godman found it breeding in abundance in Guatemala
up to an elevation of between 4500 and 6000 feet (Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, i. p. 19). In Chiapas
Mr. W. B. Bichardson has procured specimens from March to June at an elevation of 4000 feet, and
Mrs. Herbert Smith at Omilteme in Guerrero at 8000 feet.
The distribution of the species in Mexico is well illustrated by the series of specimens in the
Salvin-Godman Collection, as will be seen from the localities enumerated below.
The Mexican localities for the species in the British Museum are as- follows:—San Ignacio,
Nuevo Leon, May 29, 1888 (F. B. Armstrong: Salvin-Godman Coll.)’, Tampico, Feb. 1888 (W. B.
Bicliardson: S.-G. Coll.)’, Aldama, Tamaulipas, March-1888 (W. B. B . : S.-G. Coll.)’, Sierra Madre
above Ciudad Vittoria, Tamaulipas, April 1888 (W. B. B . : S.-G. Coll.); Yalles, San Luis Potosi,
May 1888 (W. B. B . : S.-G. Coll.); City of Mexico (G. H. White: Seebohm,Coll.); Playa Vicente,
Vera Cruz, Dec. 1888 (M. Trujillo: S.-G. Coll.) ; Huatusco, Vera Cruz, July 1888 (F. Ferrari-Perez:
S.-G. Coll.); Plan del Rio, Jalapa, July 1888 (F. Ferrari-Perez: S.-G. Coll.); Jalapa, Jan., March
1888 (F. D. Godman: S.-G. Coll.); Orizaba, Dec. 1887 {F. D. Godman: S.-G. Coll.); Misantla,
March 1888 (F. I). Godman: S.-G. Coll.); Coatepec, Vera Cruz, Oct. 1889 (M. Trvjillo: S.-G. Coll.)',
Atoyac, Vera Cruz, April (Mrs. Herbert Sm ith : S.-G. Coll.); Villa Alta, Oaxaca, March 1889
(M. Trvjillo: S.-G. Coll.); Tehuantepec, July 1877 (F. Sumichrast: Seebohm Coll.); Chimalapa,
Tehuantepec, 4000 feet, March 31, 1890 (W. B. Bichardson: S.-G. Coll.); Sierra San Domingo,
Tehuantepec, April 15, 1890 (W. B. Bichardson: S.-G. Coll.); Omilteme, Guerrero (8000 feet),
Aug. 1888 (Mrs. Herbert Smith: S.-G. Coll.); Teapa, Jan., Feb. 1888 (Mrs. Herbert Smith: S.-G.
Coll.); Tuxtla, Chiapas, March 3-17 (W. B. Bichardson: S.-G. Coll.); Union Juarez, Chiapas
(4000 feet), March 24 (W. B. Bichardson: S.-G. Coll.); Huehuetan, Chiapas, April 1897 (W. B. B .:
S.-G. Coll.); Jitotol, 4000 feet, May 6, 1897 (W. B. B . : S.-G. Coll.); Santa Rita, Chiapas, May 8,
1897 (W. B. B.: S.-G. Coll.); Comitan, Chiapas, May 18, 1897 (W. B. B . : S.-G. ColL); Tonala,
Chiapas, June 2, 1896 (W. B. B.: S.-G. Coll.).
Besides the above-named Mexican localities for the species there are other records, as set forth
in the ‘Biologia Centrali-Americana’ by Messrs. Salvin and Godman. Specimens were sent by Salle
from Cordova (Scl. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 294, s. n. T. tristis), and from Ghoapam and Villa Alta by
Boucard (Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 370). Baird has recorded specimens from Mirador procured by
Sartorius (Review Am. B. p. 26), and Sumichrast says that it was the most abundant of all the
Mexican Thrushes in the State of Vera Cruz, where it is a resident species in the hot and temperate
regions, but does not pass above an elevation of 4300 feet (Mem. Bost. Soc.. N. H. i. p. 543). On
the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, he says, “ I have only observed this bird at Santa Efigenia, where
it is not very abundant, and where its presence is probably explained by the neighbourhood
of the Sierra de Chimalapa” (Lawrence, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. iv. p. 11). Grayson found the
species breeding at Janja, in the Territory of Tepic, in April and May, and he also says that it is
resident in the Tres Marias Islands (Proc. Bost. Soc. xiv. p. 276).
I can see no difference of plumage in the series of Mexican specimens which cannot be
accounted for by age or season, though two of the Teapa examples are rather more ruddy than the
majority of those killed in the winter months. Mr. Nelson’s Tur dus tamaulipensis is evidently
nothing but an example of T. grayi in spring plumage, and that there is no reason to suppose that a
separate race exists in Tamaulipas is evident from the continuous series of localities from Nuevo
Leon southwards represented in the Salvin-Godman Collection.
In Yucatan Gray’s Thrush has been met with near Merida by Schott (Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. N. Y.
ix. p. 314), and specimens obtained by Mr. Godman at Tabi in February are in the Salvin-Godman
Collection. In the same Collection are several skins procured by Dr. G. F. Gaumer at Buctzotz,
Temax, Peto, and Izamal in April. The same naturalist also found it on the islands of Cozumel,
Meco, and Mugeres from November to January (Salvin, Ibis, 1888, p. 243). Mr. Blancaneaux
met with the species in the vicinity of Belize in British Honduras, and at Cayo in the Western
district of that country (spec, in mus. S.-G.).
In Guatemala Messrs. Salvin and Godman (Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, i. p. 19) state that the
species is common in the neighbourhood of towns and villages up to an elevation of between 5000
and 6000 feet. It was found breeding in abundance in April and May near Dueñas, and also near
San Gerónimo in Vera Paz. Specimens were obtained by them at Dueñas, Escuintla, Retalhuleu,
San Gerónimo, Tactic, and Coban ; and Mr. W. B. Richardson has met with it on the Sierra de las
Minas (Tierra Caliente) and at Retalhuleu in July, at Toleman (5000 feet) and Panajachel in
December.
Mr. G. M. Whitely procured specimens in Honduras near San Pedro (Scl. & Salv. P. Z. S.
1870, p. 836), and Captain J. M. Dow at Acajutla in Salvador (Baird, Review Amer. B. p. 26).
In the latter State Mr. W. B. Richardson also met with it at La Libertad in February, and on the
Volcan San Miguel in April.
In Nicaragua Mr. Richmond found this species at Greytown and on the Escondido River (Proc.
U.S. Nat. Mus. xvi. p. 482). Mr. C. C. Nutting states that it was common at the Hacienda Sucuyá
on the west side of Lake Nicaragua, and equally abundant at the Hacienda Los Sábalos on the Rio
San Juan del Norte (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vi. p. 380). Specimens collected by Mr. Richardson, in
the Salvin-Godman Collection, are from the following localities in Nicaragua :—Chontales, Jan. ;
Mombacho, Granada, Feb. 8 ; El Volcan, Chinandega, April 19-28 ; Matagalpa, Aug., Sept.
In Costa Rica Gray’s Thrush has been sent from San José and Barranca by Carmiol (Baird,
Review, p. 26), Quebrada Hondo and Lepanto by Von Frantzius (J. f. 0 . 1869, p. 290), and the Volcan
de Cartago by Carmiol. Mr. Nutting obtained it on the Volcano of Irazu, but it was apparently
not so common as lower down at San José, where it was abundant in March (Ridgw. Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus. v. pp. 494, 499). He also found it plentifully at the Hacienda La Palma, in the Bay of Nicoya.
Von Frantzius says that it is one of the commonest birds in Costa Rica, and that he met with it from
the shores of the Gulf of Nicoya to places as much as 6,000 feet above the sea. He remarks that it
is more rarely seen during the dry season than during, the wet, at the commencement of which it
breeds.
M‘Leannan procured several specimens of this species at Lion Hill Station, in the State of
Panama, some of which were recorded as T. casius by Lawrence (Ann. Lyc. N. Y. vii. p. 326) ; others
are in the Salvin-Godman Collection, which also possesses examples from Santa Fé, Chitra, and the
^ olean, de Chiriqui in Veragua, where they were obtained by Enrique Arcé (Salvin, P. Z. S. 1867,
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