H a b . Newfoundland. Lake Huron, to the barren country of the Hudson Bay Co.’s territories, and on
the West Coast, as far as Sitcha. Bongard. Summit of Mount Rainier. Tolmie.—/3. in the most exposed
and sterile situations.
2. J. Sabina (L .); ramuloi-um tetragonorum foliis quadrifariam dense imbricatis ovatis
acutis v. acuminatis concavis seu subcarinatis dorso basin versus glandula oblonga quan-
doque obsoleta instructis; ramorum teretium foliis plerumque acerosis squamiformibus
remotis appressis v. patulis, baccis nigro-pruinosis. Mich. Am. 2. p. 246. N utt.—Ph. Am.
2. p. 647.—J. Virginiana. L .—Mich. N- Am. Sylv. p. 221. t. 155. Ph. Am. 2. p. 647.
N utt.—/3. hum ilis; procumbens.—J. Sabina. jS. WiUd.—Ph.—J. prostrata. Pers. Rich.
App. p. 38.—J. repens. Nutt. ?
H a b . Throughout Canada, to the Saskatchawan.—@. in poor rocky soils, especially in the north. Dr
Richardson. In the Rocky Mountains. Lewis. Lake Huron. Nuttall.—In Eastern America Botanists
have enumerated five species of Savin-leaved Juniper; J. Sabina (which also abounds in Europe, and in
Northern Asia), J. Virginiana, J. Bermudiana, J. Barbadensis, and J. prostrate s but I must confess
that among all the specimens I have received from various countries included between the 53d and 32d
degrees of latitude, I can recognise only one species by any botanical characters, and that one differs in no
respect from the Europsean J. Sabina, to which I unhesitatingly refer it. If there are other species, I have
not seen them, and the descriptions of authors are so vague and unsatisfactory, that I have in vain sought for
distinguishing marks in their characters and observations. The leaves certainly differ considerably in different
specimens ; but not more so than they frequently do on one and the same individual. Thus, Bigelow observes
that (in J. Virginiana) “ a singular variety appears in the young shoots, especially those which issue from
the base of the trees: this consists in an elo ngation of the leaves to five or six times their usual length, while
they become spreading, acerose, considerably remote from each other, and irregular in their insertion, being
either opposite or ternate, so that they have been repeatedly mistaken for individuals of a different species.”
He adds too, that the leaves of J. Virginiana resemble Savin in their medicinal properties.—I may here
observe that the Savin-leaved Junipers of the Old World are as unsatisfactorily characterized in books as
those of the New; and equally demand a careful investigation of the Botanist. In all, upon the older
branches, the leaves are elongated, acerose, and distant where the shoots have been vigorous and lengthened,
short and blunt and compact, and giving a tessellated appearance, when the shoots are short and stunted.—
Again, with regard to the more usual form of the American species, J. Virginiana, as it is generally called,
(though the Linnman character does not accord with; it), we can understand, from its mode of growth, why
this plant, which in some situations is a tree 40 or 45 feet high, should in others become a sm all prostrate
shrub. Michaux remarks that “ the most striking peculiarity in the vegetation of it is that the branches which
are numerous and close, spring near the earth, and spread horizontally, and that the lower limbs are, during
many years, as long as the body of the tree. The trunk decreases so rapidly that the largest stocks rarely
afford timber for sh ip-b uilding of more than 11 feet in length.”—Very far north, Dr Richardson tells us that
“ it grows close to the ground, and sends out flabelliform branches 2 yards long, which are very ornamental
in thin rocky soils.”
3. J. occidentalis; ramis ramulisque patentibus teretibus, foliis arete 4-fariam imbri-
catis subrotundo-ovatis obtusis valde convexis paulo infra medium glandula oblonga con-
spicua resiniflua notata.—J. excelsa. Dougl. mst.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 647. (vix Bieb.)
H ab. N. W. America. Banks of the waters in the Rocky Mountains. Lewis (in Ph.) Common on the
higher parts of the Columbia, at the base of the Rocky Mountains, where it attains a height of 60-80 feet, and
a diameter of from 2-3 feet. Douglas.—Mr Douglas’ collection, in my possession, contains only two specimens
of this plant, without flowers or fruit. From the locality, there' can scarcely be a doubt of its being the J.
1
!
«
excelsa of Pursh ; but that it is the J. excelsa of Biebérstein, from Tauria, is a question ; and indeed the latter
author himself says of his plant, “ diagnosis a J. Sabina difficillima, quamvis specie omnino différât.” From
J. Sabina our present species may be readily known by the more spreading branches and branchlets, and by
both being perfectly terete, by thé founder and more convex leàvès, and, above all, by the ■ large gland on
every leaf, constantly exuding a transparent resin, which concretes in drops upon the foliage. There are no
acerose leaves on the older branches whatever, but the old leaves form lozenge-shaped scales or tubercles, with
the resinous gland still very conspicuous. .
TAXUS. L.
1. T. baccata. L .—E. Bot. t. 746. Nutt. Gen. Am. p. 246.—13. minor. Mich, Am. 2.
p. 245.—T. Canadensis. Willd.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 647. Nutt.
H ab. Lake Huron. Nuttall. Mountainous parts óf N. W. America. Douglas. Dr Scouler.—(5. Canada,
to the Saskatchawan. Dr Richardson. Drummond. Newfoundland. Mr Cormack. Miss Brenton.—In
the eastern parts, the Yew seems to form a low shrub ; but on the Columbia, Mr Douglas assures us, it
attains a size fully equal to that of Europe. AS was the case with our ancestors,- the Indians make their
bows of its wood.
Cl . IL MONOCOTYLEDONEÆ.
Ord. I. COMMELINEÆ. Br.
1. TRADESCANTIA. L.
1. T. Virginiai. L .—Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 105. Ph. Am. l.p . 218.
Hab. Upper Canada ? Mrs Sheppard.
Ord. II. ALISMACEiE. Br.
1. SAGITTARIA. L.
1. S. sagittifolia. L.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 396.—vai. 1. vulgaris, foliis mediocribus sagittse-
formibus. var. 2. macrophyUa; foliis fere pedalibus lobis lanceolatis decurvik S. lati-
folia. Ph. S. sagittifolia. E. Bot. t. 84.—var. 3. angustifolia; foliis elongatis angustis
lobis linearibus patentibus longissimis, foliis exterioribus sstpe indivisis. S. sagittifolia,
minors S. hastata; S. gracilis; and S. heterophylla. PA.—var. 4. simplex; foliis*omnibus
lineari-lanceolatis simplicibus. S. simplex; S. graminea; and S. acutifolia. PA.
HiB. Ditches and pools, and throughout Canada to the Saskatchawan; Columbia, and Walla-wallah Rivers.
, Ga,rdner- Mr Tolmie.—var. 2. N. W. coast, where it is called b; the Chenooks Wapatoo, and where
the roots are eaten: B r Scpuler.-yar. 3. Canada. Mrs Sheppard. Brummond-var. 4. Newfoundland.
Miss Brenton.—Nothing can be more variable than the leaves of this plant all sizes. in N. America, arid theJy are of