leaves are generally larger than, and of a different shape from, the preceding. In the degree of pubescence
on the under surface of the leaves, the greatest variation appears, and the most downy kind in every particular
corresponds with the European incana, so that I have no hesitation in considering the A. serrulata
(which indeed is sometimes quite glabrous) a var. of it.
5. A. rubra (Bong. Veg. de Sitcha, p. 44); foliis ellipticis marginibus undique obtuse
lobatis lobis obtuse serrulatis subtus ad nervos praecipue puberulis siccitate subferrugineis,
amends fcem. junioribus cylindraceis, fructiferis ovatis.— A. castaneasfolia. Dougl. Mst.
H a b . Sitcha. JBongard. Dry rocky banks of the Columbia, near the Grand Rapids, common {Douglas),
and below Fort Vancouver. Dr Scouler.—This is a perfectly distinct species, and well characterized by
Dr Bongard, who observes that it is called “ Red Alder” by the Russians inhabiting the colony at Sitcha.
The margins of the leaves are so deeply and regularly lobed that they might almost be called pinnatifid, and
these lobes and the serratures are singularly blunt. There is nothing peculiar in the catkins. Indeed the
fructification of the different species of Alder exhibit very little variation.
SUBORD. III. PLATANE2E. J uSS.
5. PLATANUS. L.
1. P . occidentalis. L ,—Ph. Am. 2. p. 635. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. p. '55. t. 63.
Hab. Canada.
Subord. IV. Cupulifer®. Rich.
6. QUERCUS. L.
1. Q. tinctoria. Bartr.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 629. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. 1. p. 110. t. 24.
H a b . Canada. Dr Beck.
2. Q. rubra (L .); foliis longe pedolatis circumscripdone ladssime ovalibus profunde
sinuatis lobis integris vel subincisis setaceo-acuminads glabris, fructibus sessilibus, cupula
brevissima scutelliformi squamis parvis ovads pubescentibus, glande late ovata acute
umbonata.' Ph. Am. 2. p. 630. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. 1. p. 125. t. 28.
H ab . Canada, from Lake Huron {Dr Todd), to the Saskatchewan and rocks at Lake Namakeen. Dr
Richardson.
3. Q. Bannisteri. Mx.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 631. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. 1. p. 99. t. 21.
H a b . Canada. Dr Beck.
4. Q. obtusiluba. Mich.—Ph. Am. 2. p. 638. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. p. 37. t. 5.
H a b . Canada. D r Beck.
5. Q, alba (L .); foliis obovato-oblongis basi attenuatis pinnatifidis junioribus utrinque
cano-pubescentibus adultioribus subtus pubescentibus v. glabris lobis lato-oblongis obtus-
sissimis v. retusis nonumquam subcuneatis petiolis brevibus, fructibus pedunculatis, cupula
hemisphserica dense squamosa squamis ovatis pubescentibus, glande ovatae obtusa cum
umbone. Ph. Am. 2. p. 633. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. 1. p. 11. t. 1.
H a b . Canada, to Lake Winipeg (which Mr Douglas considers its northern limit, and where it attains
only a height of 10-20 feet). D r Richardson. Douglas.
6. Q. Garryana (Dougl. mst.); foliis latissime obovatis utrinque obtusis sinuato-pinnati-
fidis siccitate nigricantibus supra glabris subttis petiolis ramisqiie dense fusco-pubescedti-
bus lobis lads obtusissimis, fructibus sessilibus, cupula perbrevi-hemisphaerica dense
squamosa squamis ovato-acuminatis pubescentibus, glande ovata obtuse cum umbone conico.
H ab. N. W. America. Menzies {in Herb, nostr.) Plentiful on the plains near Fort Vancouver, on the
Multnomak, and at Puget Sound. Douglas. Dr Gairdner. Tolmie.—Forty to eighty feet high, 3-5 in diameter
: the wood good, and well adapted for ship-building. This Oak, which I believe to be a very distinct
species, has not only the underside of the adult leaves, but the petioles and branches, clothed with a dense
dingy-coloured down. The leaves, too, are much broader than in Q. alba, the acorns are sessile, and the
cups much shallower. There is an Oak in Mr Drummond’s third collection óf Texas plants (No. 342),
named “ Yellow' Post Oak,” distinguished by the downy leaves and the size of the acorns, in which the leaves
and sessile acorns agree with those of the present species very closely ; but the branches are glabrous, and
the cups are much-deeper, and clothed with larger and more hoary scales.—Mr Menzies also detected Q.
Garryana in California, where Mr Douglas, besides the Q. agrifolia, Neè, gathered also a third species,
with leaves somewhat like the present, but narrower, and with narrower lobes, nearly glabrous beneath, and
much smaller acorns. These three are, as far as I know, the only Oaks yet discovered in N. W. America.
7. CASTANËA. L.
1. C. chrysophylla (Dougl. mst.); foliis sempervirentibus lato-Ianceolatis acuminatis
coriaceis integerrimis glabris subtus aureo-farinosis.
H ab. Common on the Grand Rapids of the Columbia, to Cape Orford, and near Mount Hood ; constantly
inhabiting the hills.—This is a most splendid evergreen tree, varying in height from 20 to 70 feet, with
leaves 4-5 inches long, full green above, below of a rich golden yellow. These leaves are quite entire. The
spikes or catkins of flowers scarcely exceed an inch in length, including the peduncle,'and they are solitary
in the axils of the upper leaves; sometimes all the flowers on a catkin are male; sometimes the two or
three lower flowers are female. Fruits 2-3, crowded, densely clothed with acicular prickles.
8. F a g u s . l .
1. F. ferruginea (Ait.); monoecia, foliis óblongo-ovatis acuminatis remote dentato-
serratis basi acutis v. obtusis, fructus aculeis ferrugineo-tomentosis reflexis. Ph. Am. 2.
p. 624. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. 3. p. 21. t. 106.
t “ J l S I?6W BmnSwick’ and Newfoundland. This is the “ I, like Dr Torrey, have only seen this one species from any part of N. RAemd eBreiceac;h ,b”u to fM thicéh ainuxh,a baintdan Atsm, aenrid
can authors, describe another species as also inhabiting Canada, namely—
2. F. sylvestris (Mich.); “ foliis acuminatis obsolete dentatis margine ciliatis.” Mich. N.
Am. Sylv. p. 18. t. 107— F. sylvatica. Ph. Am. 2. p. 625 (not Lihn.),^-F. sylvatica. B. Nutt. Gen. Am. 2. p. 216.
H ab. Canada. Michaux, who calls this thé “ White Beech,n from the difference of the colour of the
wood m the two kinds ; but neither in Michaux’s figure, nor in the description of authors, does their appear
any marks by which this can be separated botanically from the preceding. In both, the leaves vary somewhat
in shape, but are at all times much larger and longer and more toothed than in the European Beech which
has, moreover, the prickles of the fruit straight, and not clothed with ferruginous down.