Hab. From N. lat. 43°, in N. W. America, to California. First seen at the head-waters of the Mult-
nomak in 1825. Douglas.—£. “ Height of Land in the Rocky Mountains. Drummond.—The giant of the
N. W. American forests, being'sometimes 215 feet in height, 57 feet 9 inches, in circumference, at 3 feet
from the ground, and 17 feet 5 inches, in circumference, at 34 feet from the ground ; whilst the cones are
from 12 to 16 inches in length, and 11 inches in circumference in the thickest part!—A Pine in many respects
similar to this was found by Mr Drummond in very elevated situations of the Rocky Mountains,
near the “ Height of Land ,” yet there growing 50 and 60 feet high. The leaves are, however, shorter
(2 or 3 inches) and more rigid, and the specimens have the closest affinity with those of the European P.
Cembra. No cones of it exist in the collection.
6. P. Sabiniana (Dougl. mst.); ramulis squarrosis, foliis ternis praelongis pedalibus
acutis unicoloribus dorso tereti supra linea acuta elevata margine scabris, vaginis in adultis
brevibus, strobilis subrotundo-ovatis maximis, squamis patentibus laxis latissimis apicibus
longe acuminatis incurvis spinescentibus. Lamb. Pin. t. 80.
H a b . N. W. America; inhabits moist vegetable deposits of New Albion, at a great elevation above the
sea. Douglas. Fallatine hills. Dr Gairdner.— A tree from 40-120 feet in height, and 2-12 feet in circumference.
Cones 9-11 inches long, and 5 to 6 inches in diameter.
7. P . (Abies?) Menziesii (Lamb. Pin. descr. sine Ic.); foliis acutis planis subtus
argenteis undique versis, strobilis cylindraceis, squamis scariosis margine erosis.
H a b . N. W. America. Menzies (in Herb. Lamb.).
8. P. (Abies) nobilis (Dougl. mst.); foliis (uncialibus) linearibus falcatis supra linea
media exarata subtus pallidioribus linea media elevata, strobilis erectis ovato-cylindraceis
(6-7 uncialibus, 3-unc. lat.), squamis compactis latissimis, bracteolis lato-spathulatis arete
imbricato-deflexis squamas tegentibus apice erosis cum acumine subulato rigido. Lamb.
Pin. descr. cum Ic.
H ab. N. W. America. Douglas. Brought to Fort Vancouver by the Indians, under the name of Tuck-
tuck, from the Great Falls of the Columbia. Dr Gairdner.— A beautiful and handsome Spruce, with singularly
fine cones, of which the scales are entirely concealed by the large reflexed and imbricated bracteoles
each tipped with a spine about three lines long. These cones resemble in many respects those of P. Picea,
but are much broader, and have much larger and more reflected bracteoles.
9. P. (Abies) Douglasii (Sabine, mst.); foliis anguste linearibus (uncialibus) obtusis
supra linea media exarata subtus albidis linea media elevata marginibus reflexis, strobilis
erectis ovatis (triuncialibus), squamis paucis laxis latissimis, bracteolis obovato-lanceolatis
squamam superantibus 3-fidis, lacinia media spiniformi lateralibus membranaceis erosis
longiori. (Tab. C L XXXIII.)
H a b . N. W. America, a common timber. Douglas. D r Gairdner.—The cones of this are very unlike
those of any other species, scarcely three inches long, composed of few (about 30) large broad lax scales, and
each subtended by a bracteole longer than the scale, deeply trifid at the apex, the two lateral lacinia} acuminated,
and toothed or erose on their outer edge, the middle longer than these, and constituting a straight
rigid spine, about a quarter of an inch long. Mr Douglas observes, that the principal part of the gloomy
forests of N. W. America, in the vallies of the Rocky Mountains, and throughout the interior skirting those
mountains, is composed of this species. It attains a height of from 150 to 200 feet, and a circumference of
from 20 to 50 feet.
T ab . CLXXXIII. Fig. 1, Male catkins; ƒ. 2, Cone :— nat. size s f . 8, Leaves:—magnified.
10. P. (Abies) Balsamea (L .); foliis linearibus (uncialibus) obtusis supra linea media
exarata subtus albidis linea media elevata marginibus reflexis, strobilis erectis cylindraceis
(4-5-uncialibus) resinifluis, squamis latissimis compactis, bracteolis obovatis dentatis
obtusis squamam fere asquantibus. Lamb. Pin. t. 41. Ph. Am. 2. p. 639.—Abies balsami-
fera. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. p. 191. t. 150.
H ab. Canada and Nova Scotia, to the Saskatchewan. Dr Richardson.
11. P . (Abies) grandis (Dougl. mst.); foliis (uncialibus) linearibus obtusis supra linea
media exarata subtus albidis linea media elevata marginibus reflexis, strobilis erectis ovali-
cylindraceis (6-uncialibus, 2-3-uncias lat.) resinifluis, squamis compactis latissimis,
bracteolis ovatis brevi-acuminatis cuspidatis marginibus erosis squama multo brevioribus.
Lamb. Pin. App. descr. sine Ic.
H ab . N. W. America. Douglas.—The cone of this, Mr Lambert remarks, resembles that of P. Cedrus,
but I think much more that of the preceding, P. Balsamea, and P. Webbiana, and it is in like manner
densely coated with a resinous substance.
12. P . (Abies) lasiocarpa ; foliis linearibus obtusis (uncialibus et fere sesquiuncialibus)
unicoloribus supra linea media exarata subtus linea media elevata marginibus paululum
incrassatis, strobilis..................?, squamis latis subrotundatis extus dense fusco-pubescentibus,
bracteolis late obovatis vix denticulatis squama subduplo brevioribus apice
mucronato-acuminatis.
H ab. Interior of N. W. America (last journey). Douglas.—There are no entire cones accompanying the
solitary specimen of this plant; but the scales and bracteoles, lying with the leaves, are considerably different
from any other species with which I am acquainted. The former are clothed with a dense almost ferruginous
down. The leaves, too, are longer than in any other American species.
13. P. (Abies) alba (Soland. in Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 371); foliis curvatis brevibus
tetragonis (vix uncialibus) strobilis (3-uncialibus) pendulis oblongis subattenuatis obtusis,
squamis late obovatis tenuibus integerrimis. Lamb. Pin. t. 36. Ph. Am. 2. p. 641. Rich.
App. p. 36.—Abies alba. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. 3. p. 128. t. 148.
H a b . Throughout Nova Scotia and Canada, to within twenty miles of the Arctic Sea, and on the Coppermine
River; in lat. 67£° it attains a height of twenty feet and more. D r Richardson.— This is the most
northern tree met with by Dr Richardson in his Arctic journeys. See an interesting notice of the uses of
this tree among the Crees and Esquimaux, in Richardson App. above quoted. Young cones pale °-reen;
old ones pale brown.
14. P . (Abies) nigra (Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 370); foliis rectis brevibus tetragonis
(semiuncialibus), strobilis pendulis ovatis obtusis (uncialibus v. paulo ultra), squamis
crassis lignosis obovato-ellipticis laxiusculis apice eroso-denticulatis. Lamb. Pin. t. 37.
Ph. Am. 2. p. 640. Rich. App. p. 36.—Abies nigra. Mich. N. Am. Sylv. p. 176. t. 147.