7. A.quadrifolia; caule erecto simplici paucifoliato, foliisovatis acuminatis ciliatis opposin's
subverticillatisque petiolatis, umbellis terminalibus solitariis v. geminis Iaxis, coronæ folio]is
patentibus oblongis obtusis intus basin versus bidentatis cornu longioribus. Jacq. Obs. 2.
p. 23. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 183. Elliott, Carol, v 1. p. 319. Torrey, Fl. v. 1. p. 283.
H ab. Canada. Dr. Beck.
* * Folia sparsa seu verticillata.
8. A. tuber osa; erecta ramosa pilosa, foliis alternis lanceolatis subsessilibus, umbellis
numerosis terminalibus Iaxis, coronæ foliolis erectis lanceolatis intus bidentatis longitudine
cornu subulati stricti.— L.—Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 117. Pursh, Fl. Am. v. 1. p. 183.
Elliott, Carol, v. 1. p. 325. Bot. Reg. t. 76. Torrey’, Fl. v. 1. p. 285.
H ab. Lake Huron. Dr. Todd.—Readily distinguished by its alternate leaves and bright orange-coloured
flowers.
9. A. verticillata ; erecta simplex gracilis, foliis sparsis verticillatisque linearibus, umbellis
terminalibus axillaribusque, columna breviuscula, coronæ foliolis ovalibus cucullatis cornu
curvato brevioribus.—(T ab. CXLIV.)—L .—Mich. Am. v. 1. p. 116. Pursh, FI, Am. v. 1.
p. 183. Elliott, Carol, v. 1. p. 324. Torrey, Fl. v. 1. p. 284.
Hab. Abundant ou the alluvial plains of the Red River, and banks of the Saskatchawan, near Carlton
House. Douglas.
Tab. CXLIV.—Fig. 1, Flow er;^. 2, Leaflet of the corona, with its horn :—magnified.
O rd. L IX . G E N T IA N E JE .* J u ss .
Trib. I. SwERTiE®. Inflorescentia racemiformis. Sepala sublibera, membrana scariosa
intracalycinajuncta. Antherce immvtatce, rima loculorum sursum dehiscente. Capsula corolla
marcescente plerumque cincta, placentis l. cum endocarpio valvulce connatis (semina ex
ipsis valvulis oriunda,) l. in sutura valvularum spongiosis unilocularis, l. rarissime placenta
centrali bilocidaris. Corolla ccereula, ochroleuca, l. purpurascens, scepissime punctis con-
spersa.—Herbce, pleraque zonam arcticam subarcticam, tractusque alpinos, paucce temper-
atas terras incolentes.
1. GENTIAN A. L.
Fovea epipetalas glandulifer® 0. Filamenta basi asqualia. Stigmata terminalia. Capsula
unilocularis, placentis cum endocarpio connatis.
Sectio I. Cyane, Ren.—Corolla plied intermedid aucta, eglandulosa, lobi cum tubo con-
tinui. Stigmata distincta, revoluta. Capsula stipitata. Testa sapius ala discolori cincta.
Herba perennes.
• I am indebted to the kindness of Dr. Grfsebach for the following account of the British North American Gen-
tianete, which he has drawn up purposely for this work.
* Corolla clavata apice connivente.
1. G. Saponaria (L.); caule ascendente, foliis ovato-lanceolatis obovatisque margine sca-
bris, floribus aggregatis subsessilibus bracteatis, calycis integri lobis tubum subaequantibus,
corollas cyaneae lobis ovatis obtusis plica (fissa) duplo longioribus, antheris connatis, semi-
nibus anguste alatis. L .Sp.P l. 1. p. 330, (excluso citat. Plukn.) Lam.Encycl. 2. p. 637.
Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. p. 111. Sims Bot. Mag. t. 1039 (excl. syn. Froel. et Mich.) Pursh, FI.
1. p. 185. (excl. cit. Andr.)—G. Catesbmi. Walt.p. 109. Nutt. 1. p. 172.—G. fimbriata.
Vahl, Symb. 3. p. 46.—/3. linearis; foliis 1 ineari-lanceolatis, antheris demum liberis.— G.
Catesbsei. Ell. 1. 339.—G. linearis. Froel. Mon. p. 37. Pursh, 1. p. 186.—G. Pneumon-
anthe. Mich. 1. p. 176. — G. pseudopneumonanthe. R. 5. et p. 146.—G. puberula.
Mich. ? I. p. 176.
^ ABi 0. has been collected in Canada, (Mrs. Percival,) in the neighbourhood of Quebec, and at Lake
St. Charles. Mr. Sheppard. I have seen specimens of the broad-leaved var.from as far northward as Maryland
; but it undoubtedly occurs with its variety /3. at the above-mentioned places, as they by no means
specifically differ from each other. I am certain that this is the true G. Saponaria of Linneus ; for his
diagnosis, and the drawings which he quotes, viz. those of Catesby (Carol. 1.1. 70) and of Morison (vol.
o. sect. 12. t. 5) leave no doubt of it. The quotation of Plukenet is, however, erroneous. The drawing of
Catesby also proves that G. Catesbcei (Walt.) is identical with our species; and it is natural that Froelich
found fault with that drawing, from the absence of the plicae, which may be easily overlooked in this species,
but not in the following. G. Saponaria is much rarer than the following, which has been often taken
for it as well by American as European botanists. The variety /?. may be still commoner than a.-
which has been quite overlooked by some of the American botanists; as, for instance, Michaux, Elliot, and
lately, Beck. This species is always of lower growth, but scarcely smaller-flowered, than the following ;
the leaves are somewhat coriaceous; the flowers almost all terminal and crowded : nevertheless, these
characters, though valuable in general, are not constant in all cases ; biit I haye not found that the variations
which take place in the proportions of the lobi and plica corollce, ever exceed certain bounds. There
are, besides, most valuable characteristic differences afforded by the seeds of these species: G. Saponaria L.
has oblong-winged seeds, the wing of which is narrow on both sides,and long and attenuated towards the ends;
the seeds of G. Andrewsii are orbicular, and very broadly and equally winged; while those of G. ochroleuca
have no wing at all. The connexion of the anthers, and the length of the lobi calycis, are of much less consequence.
By the investigation of Sir W. Hooker, (in the Companion to the Bot. Mag. p. 171.) it has been
proved that G. Pneumonanthe of the American authors is merely a variety of this species; and however
distant they may seem to stand when studied only in their common forms, nevertheless the variety
fi. of G. Saponaria is so similar in some cases to G.. Pneumonanthe, that it is very difficult to distinguish
them. For in those forms in which the plica is quite entire, (as, for instance, in that of Dr. Boott, in the
Hookerian herbarium, quoted by himself,) it is impossible to And out any decided difference in the structure
of the corolla. I examined authentic specimens from Silesia, the lobi corolla of which were blunt and
somewhat converging. On the other hand, G. Saponaria has sometimes an open corolla, as G. Pneumonanthe
commonly has. But there is a minute character, which seems to be most constant, and certainly
has an important connexion with the whole of the species—viz. a distinct roughness on the margins
of the leaves, so that they appear serrated under a magnifying glass, while G. Pneumonanthe is always en-
lirely smooth : I think that that roughness-is the remains of those scabrous forms, which exist almost in
all American species of Gentiana.
2. G. Andrewsii (Griseb.); caule ascendente, foliis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis margine