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 576 BRITISH  RES IDENT  VINES  KORORAREKA. Dec. 
 Resident,’ at  his house (protected by the flag, as I have already  
 mentioned) occupied Mr. Darwin and myself some time.  Like  
 most  of  the  missionary  dwellings,  it  is  a  temporary boarded  
 cottage,  intended only for  present  purposes.  Mr. Busby  was  
 taking great pains with  his  garden;  and  among  other plants  
 he  anticipated  that vines would flourish.  Those  at Waitangi  
 (the name of his place)  are favoured  by  climate,  as well  as by  
 the superintendance of a person who so thoroughly understands  
 their  culture.  At  a  future  day not  only  New Zealand, but  
 Van Diemen’s Land,  and  all  New Holland,  will  acknowledge  
 the  obligation  conferred  upon  them  by  this  gentleman, who  
 made  a  long  and  troublesome journey  through  France  and  
 Spain solely  for the  purpose  of  collecting vines for Australia,  
 his adopted country. 
 Mr. Busby’s official occupations at  New  Zealand  appeared  
 to me of  a very neutral character.  An isolated individual,  not  
 having  even  the  authority  of  a  magistrate,  encircled  by  
 savages,  and by a most troublesome class  of his own  countrymen, 
   I was not  astonished  at  his  anxiety  to  receive  definite  
 instructions,  and  substantial support;  or at the numerous complaints  
 continually made by the English settlers. 
 Afterwards we went to Kororareka.  On a sandy  level, narrowly  
 bounded by a low range of hills, or rather rising grounds,  
 stands the principal assemblage of  houses in the  island;  or  as  
 the missionaries say,  ‘ in the land’.  I   have said assemblage  of  
 houses,  because  it  did  not  agree with my  ideas  of a town,  a  
 village, a  hamlet,  or even an  Indian  encampment.  Near  the  
 beach  were  a few small  cottages which  had  once been  whitewashed. 
   At the foot of the hills were two or three small houses  
 of  European  build;  but  the  remaining  space of  ground appeared  
 to be covered  by palings,  and pig-styes.  The  temporary  
 enclosures  which  are made  in  a  market-place,  for caftle,  
 might  give  an idea  of  the appearance of these sadly wretched  
 dwelling places.  The palings, or palisades, are intended  to  be  
 fortifications:  they are high, sometimes  eight or ten feet;  and,  
 almost encircling the whole,  a  stronger palisade is fixed, but so  
 inefficiently that  either strength, an  axe,  or  fire,  would ensure 
 1835. HUTS - P O R C H E S— PLANKS 577 
 an entrance to resolute  men.  There is neither embankment nor  
 ditch.  Within  the small square spaces, enclosed  by the slighter  
 pahngs  are the huts of the natives :  the angular,  low thatched  
 roofs of  whmh  are scarcely set off from  the ground  by walls a  
 foot or  two m  height.  These roofs slope downwards,  lengthwise  
 as well  as sideways;  so  that  the front  of  the  hut  is  the  
 highest  part.  The  upper  point of  the  roof may be  eight feet  
 rom  t  e  ground;  the  space  of  ground  occupied,  about  ten  
 square feet;  seldom more, indeed usually less.  Besides the door,  
 through which  a  man  cannot  pass  excepting  upon  his hands  
 md knees, there  is neither window,  nor aperture  of  any kind.  
 The New  Zealand  ‘ order  of  architecture,’  is  marked by two  
 vnde  planks  placed  edgeways in  front,  joined together  at  the  
 top by nails or pegs,  and forming  a wide  angle,  in which  the  
 space  IS filled up,  excepting  a  door-way two feet  square, with  
 materials similar to those of  the waUs and roof, namely wicker  
 work,  or  ‘ watthng,’  covered  by a  thatching  of  broad  flag  
 leaves or  rushes.  The  eaves of  the  roof project  two or three  
 feet beyond  the front;  so  likewise  do  the side walls.  In  this  
 sort  of  porch  the  family sit,  eat,  and,  in  the daytime, often  
 Meep.  At night most  of  them  huddle together,  within  what  
 m  every respect,  deserves  the  name of a sty:  even  a Fuegian  
 wigwam IS  far preferable,  for as  that  is frequently left vacant  
 during many  successive weeks, heavy rains and  a cold  climate  
 are  antidotes to any particular accumulation of dirt.  In a fine  
 chmate,  surrounded  by-beautiful  trees and luxuriant herbare,  
 can one account  for human nature degrading itself so muclMas  
 to live in such a den .?  Is it not that the genuine,  simple beauties  
 of Creation are understood, and enjoyed,  only in proportion as  
 man  becomes  more  refined,  and as  he  differs  more  from  his  
 own species in what is falsely called a  state of nature 
 I was inquisitive  about  the  large  planks,  generally painted  
 red, which appeared in front of  every house.  The natives told  
 me that such boards had always been  made by their ancestors,  
 belore  tools  of  any metal were  seen  in  the  land:  they were  
 from twelve to twenty feet in lengtli, about  two feet in breadth  
 and two inches thick :  and  they seemed  to have been ‘dubbed’ 
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