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them now possess fire-arms and ammunition, and are skilful
in the use of them. Temper and vigilance will be the best
preservatives against trivial offences and misunderstandings,
which too often end in fatal quarrels; and true firmness will
abandon objects of small importance, where perseverance must
entail the necessity of violence ; for it would be a subject of
deep regret that an expedition devoted to the noblest purpose,
the acquisition of knowledge, should be stained by a single act
of hostility.
(Signed) “ F. B e a u f o r t .”
“ Hydrographical Office, 11th November 1831.”
F I G U I l E S
TO DENOTE THE FORCE OF THE WIND.
0 Calm.
1 Light Air..............
2 Light Breeze . . . .
3 Gentle Breeze .
4 Moderate Breeze
5 Fresh Breeze . . . .
6 Strong Breeze. . . .
7 Moderate Gale .
8 Fresh G a le ........
9 Strong Gale........
10 Whole Gale . . .
11 Storm . . . .
12 Hurricane
Or just sufficient to give steerage way.
Or that in which a man- ^ ^ knots,
of-war, with all sail set, / 3 to 4 knots,
and clean full, would go
in smooth water from 5 to 6 knots.
Royals, &c.
Single-reefed topsails
and top-gall. sails.
Double-reefed topsails,
jib, &c.
Treble-reefed topsails,
&c.
Close-reefed topsails
- and courses.
Or that to which a well-
conditioned man-of-
war could just carry (
in chase, full and by
.Or that with which she could scarcely bear close-
reefed main-topsail and reefed fore-sail.
O r th a t which would reduce h e r to storm staysails.
.O r th a t which no canvass could withstand.
L E T T E R S
TO DENOTE TH E STATE OF THE WEATHER.
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Blue Sky; (whether clear, or hazy, atmosphere).
Clouds; (detached passing clouds).
Drizzling Rain.
Foggy f Thick fog.
Gloomy (dark weather).
Hail.
Lightning.
Misty (hazy atmosphere).
Overcast (or the whole sky covered with thick clouds).
Passing (temporary showers).
Squally.
Rain (continued rain).
Snow.
Thunder.
Ugly (threatening appearances).
Visible (clear atmosphere).
Wet Dew.
Under any letter, indicates an extraordinary degree.
By the combination of these letters, all the ordinary phenomena
of the weather may be expressed with facility and brevity.
Examples :—Bern, Blue sky, with passing clouds, and a hazy
atmosphere.
Gv, Gloomy dark weather, but distant objects remarkably visible.
Qpdlt, Very hard squalls, with passing showers of drizzle, and
accompanied by lightning with very heavy thunder.