the cranial conformation of these people. Though the forehead retreats rapidly,
there is but little expansion at the sides, and from the face to the occiput inclusive
there is a narrowness that seems characteristic of the race. The posterior view
represents the skull elevated in that region without any unnatural width at the
sides, and the vertical view sufficiently confirms the latter fact.
MEASUREMENTS.
Longitudinal diameter, . . . . 7.3 inches.
Parietal d iam e ter,...................................... 5.3 inches.
Frontal d iam e te r ,...................................... 4.3 inches.
Vertical d iameter,....................................... 5.3 inches.
Inter-mastoid a rc h ,...................................... 14. inches.
Inter-mastoid line, . . . . . 4.3 inches.
Occipito-frontal arch, . . . . 15. inches.
Horizontal periphery, . . . . 19.8 inches.
Extreme length of head and face, 8.2 inches.
Internal capacity, . . . . . 81.5 cubic inches.
Capacity of the anterior chamber, 31.5 cubic inches.
Capacity of the posterior chamber, 50. cubic inches.
Capacity of the coronal region,. . 16.25 cubic inches.
Facial angle, . . . . 73 degrees.
My friend Dr. Ruschenberger, from whom I received this skull, has preserved
the following memorandum of the circumstances under which it was
found.
“ About a mile from the town, (Arica,) on the south side of the morro, is
a cemetery of the ancient Peruvians. There is one path to it over the hill, which
is somewhat laborious, and another round the base of Arica Head, which is only
practicable when the tide is low. On one side of the hill are found the graves of
this injured people, indicated by hillocks of upturned sand, and the numbers of
human bones bleaching in the sun, and portions of bodies, as legs and arms, or a
hand and foot, scattered over the surface. The surface is covered with sand an
inch or two deep, which being removed discovers a stratum of salt, three or four
inches in thickness, that spreads all over the hill. Immediately beneath are found
the bodies, in graves or holes, not more than three feet in depth. The body [to
which this head belonged] was placed in a squatting posture with the knees
drawn up, and the hands applied to the sides of the head. The whole
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was