of the adjacent tribes at that early epoch. Nevertheless, they could not compare
with the primitive nation of Collao ; and when we find the remains of the latter
mingled, as it were, among those of the barbarous hordes on the sea coast, their
presence may he accounted for in the casualties of war or commerce, or by that
forced system of colonisation to which we have already alluded.
I have followed up the researches of Baron Humboldt and Dr. M’Culloh
with the more zeal, because so little notice has been taken of the subject by other
writers ; and especially because we are now able to take one step more in the
inquiry, by studying the arts of these people in connection with their cranial
remains.*
* Mr. Stevenson has described some very interesting ruins near the village of Langunilla in the
province of Caxamarca, which he supposes to be anterior to the Inca dominion iû Peru. He represents
these remains to be those of a town,.of which the houses are all built of stone, surrounding a
rock or hill in a valley. “ The bottom tier Ôr range of rooms has walls of an amazing thickness, in
which I have measured stones twelve feet long and seven feet high, forming the whole side of a room,
with one or more large stones laid across, which serve as a roof. Above these houses another tier
was built in the same manner, on the back of which are the entrances or doorways, and a second row
had their backs to the mountain. The roofs of the second tier in front had been covered with stone,
and probably formed a promenade ; a second tier of rooms thus rested on the roofs of the first tier,
which were on a level with the second front tier. In-this manner one doublé tier of dwelling rooms
was built above another to the height of seven tiers.” The author adds that this series of buildings
was capable of containing five thousand families, and he gives his reasons for supposing it to be, not
a granary of the Incas, as some travellers have imagined, but the residence of the lord of ©hicama,
“ when he resided in the interior of his territory before it became subject to the Inca Pachacutec.”
These ruins present no remains of delicate sculpture, although some of the stones are carved in
arabesques. Similar to these are the remains of the fortified palace of Paramonga. Trav. in S.
Amer. II, p. 22, 170,173.