P i n u s in o p s , Solander.
Eastern North-America. The Jersey-Pine. A tree, content with
barren soil, attaining a height of 40 feet, available for fixing drift-
sand on coasts. Easily disseminated. Remarkably rich in resin,
hence to be classed with pines most desirable for sanitary plantations.
Wood reddish-yellow. P . Virginiana (Miller) is by far the
eldest name.
P i n u s in s ig n is , Douglas.* (P. radiata, D. Don.)
California. A splendid dark-green pine, fully to 100 feet high,
with a straight stem, oecasionally 8 feet in diameter. I t is the
quickest-growing of all pines, a seedling one year old being strong
enough for final transplantation ; it has been noticed to grow fully
5 feet annually iu light soil near Melbourne. Mr. J . Dickinson
found it to attain a height of 70 feet, with a stem-girth of 5 feet,
in 13 years a t Po rt Phillip. The variety radiata, with branches
arising only towards the summit and therefore supplying long clear
trunks, has grown near Ballarat in some instances in ordinary soil up
to 100 feet in 25 years [Lowe and^Laidlaw]. Although Cupressus
macrocarpa grows nearly as fast, th a t tree is not so indifferent to soil
as P. insignis, which will brave even stagnant humidity in stiff soil.
Preferable in mild climes for street-planting to trees with annually
deciduous leaves, as the small yearly fall of foliage does not choke
gutters and drains, nor becomes so offensive in moist decay ; thus
even of sanitary effect. Most extensively distributed through the
colony of Victoria and also some other parts of Australia since 1859
by the author of this work, not so much as a timber-tree, but to
impart quickly and uninterruptedly a magnificent verdure to towns and
landscapes, and to afford early shelter. Needs shelter against gales.
Aecording to the Hon. Winter-Irving it will endure exceptional
exposure to 118° P. in the shade. Even more ap t to catch fire than
most pines. In the U nited Kingdom it suffers greatly from the attacks
of the Pine-Beetle, Hyliirgus piniperda [Lawson]. The wood is of
inferior technic value ; but this tree can be utilised for obtaining ta r
and pitch. I t bears exposure to the sea a t the very edge of the coast.
- Produces fruit-cones only a t somewhat advanced age. Mr. J . Kruse,
on the author’s suggestion, subjected the foliage to distillation,
obtaining oil in O'OI quantity of 0-845 specific gravity, of 293° F .
boiling point, and of .a pleasant penetrating odor, reminding of
Geneva-gin. Prof. Don having named and described this tree under
two names simultaneously, the later name, given by Douglas, may
remain adopted, although not the oldest.
P i n u s J e f f r e y i, Murray.
California. A pine, to 150 feet iu h e ig h t; stem-diameter to 4
feet. Hardy a t Christiania, Norway. Recommended particularly
for rearing on slopes of higher mountains, as it suffers from any
drought. The wood serves in the trade as coarse lumber. The
glaucous branchlets of aromatic fragrance with thinner and greyish
leaves, the greater size of the fruit-cones with thin and recurved
spines to the scales, the larger nutlets and more numerous cotyledras
separate this pine from P . ponderosa [Engelmann, Sargent, Perry].
P i n u s K s em p f e r i, Lambert.
Chinese Larch, also called Golden Pine. North-Eastern China.
This is the handsomest of all the larches ; it forms a transit to the
cedars. Resists severe frost. I t is of quick growth and attains a
height of 150 feet. T h e leaves, which are of a vivid green during
spring and summer, turn to a golden-yellow in autumn. The wood
is very hard and durable.
P i n u s K a s y a , Royle. r., ,
Kasya and also Burmah, from 2,000 to 7,000 feet. _ Closely
related to P . longifolia. Attains a height of 200 feet. V/ood very
resinous, somewhat fibrous, rather close-grained, pale brown witn
darker waving [K u rz ]. The resin an article of commerce [b ir
Jo s . Hooker],
P i n u s K o r a i e n s i s , Siebold and Zuccarini.
Kamtschatka, China and Jap an . A handsome pine, often to 40
feet high, producing edible seeds.
P i n u s L am b e r t i a n a , Douglas.*
Shake- Giant- or Sugar-Pine. British Columbia and California,
mostly at great altitudes. A lofty tree, of rapid growth, upwards
of 300 feet high, with a straight stem attaining 60 feet in circumference.
I t holds in most places pre-eminence in beauty aud size
over accompanying pines, and reaches an age of 600 years [Dr.
Vasey]. I t thrives best in sandy soil, and produces a soit, pale,
straight-grained wood, which for inside work is esteemed above
any other pine-wood in California, and obtained in large quantities ;
it is especially used for shingles, flooring, and for finishing purposes
by joiners and carpenters. The tree yields an abundance of
remarkably cleaf and pure resin, which from trees partially burnt
is of sweet taste, and eaten by the natives. The cones may be 19
inches lon g ; the seeds are edible. This pine would come to perfection
best in the humid regions of higher mountains. P . reflexa
(Engelmann) is an allied large species with smaller frnit, occurring
in Arizona.
P i n u s L a r ie io , Poiret * (P. maritima, Miller.)
Corsican Pine. South-Europe, ascending to about 6,000 feet.
I t attains a height of 160 feet. A splendid shelter-tree, particularly
for the coldest regions. One of the best pines to thrive m the southern
p a rt of the Middle Island of New Zealand [W au g h ]. I t is also cultivated
a t Christiania. I t will succeed on stiff clay as well as on sandy