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The length of time for the tanning process with this hark is
only half th a t for oak-hark. The kino of this treo has come into
therapeutic use.
L u c u l i a g r a t i s s i m a , S w e e t .
Himalayas aud Ava, at elevations of from 4,000 to 6,000 feet. _ A
tall shrub or small tree. Important in the series of plants destined
to maintain garden-fragrance well throughout the year, the copious
laro-e blossoms being developed in the coolest season. The plant
hates frost and dry heat [Gaerdt]. The flowers will likely be acceptable
for perfume-faotories.
L u p i n u s a l b u s , L i n n é . _
The White Lupine. Countries on the Mediterranean Sea, also in
the Orient. An annual quick-growing herb, valuable when young
for fodder, and also for green manure. In Norway it will grow to
lat 70° 22' nprth [Sohuebelerl. I t is famed as the “ Tramoso m
Po'rtuo-al to suppress sorrel a'nd other obstinate weeds by its close
and elsY growth. The lentil-like seeds, after the bitter principle '
tlupinin) has been removed through boiling or soaking in salt-water,
are edible I t would lead too far, to enumerate here many others of
the numerous species of lupines, of wliich unquestionably very many
are eligible for agrarian purposes, while all are acceptable as hardy,
elegant and easily grown garden-plants. One, L. perennis, L., extends
in America to the Northern States of the Union aud Canada ;
fourteen are recorded from Sonth-Europe, seventeen from Brazil, and,
numerous species from other parts of America, where the limits of the
genus are about Monte Video southward and about Nootka-Sound
northward. The majority of the species are perennial. The
Euyptian L. Termis (Forskael) and L. Græcus (Boissier) are closely
alîied to L. albus, and of equal use; their flowers are bluish or blue.
L u p i n u s a n g u s t i f o l i u s , L in n é .
Countries on the Mediterranean Sea. An annual blue-flowered
species, preferable to L. luteus for graiii-harvest. Hardy to lat. 70
in Norway. Some if not all lupines can be counted among honeyplants.
L u p i n u s a r b o r e u s , S im s .*
California This has been used there for reclamation on sand,
on account of its long tap-roots, the latter having been traced to a
depth of 25 feet, while the stems were only 3 feet higli. ih e germination
is easy and the growth rapid on the sand-dunes. l o r
aidinu the young lupines during the first two montlis, to get hold ot
the Taiid. barley is sown with them, as the latter sprouts m a tew
days ami holds the sand in the second week ; the lupine subsequently
covers the sand with a dense vegetation iu less than a year.
L u p i n u s D o u g l a s i i , A g a r d h .
Oregon and California. H a r d y i n Norway to at. 67 56 . I h
somewhat woody species can be nsed for binding sand with L.
Chamissouis, Escholtz (L. albifrons, Bentham) and many peienmal
lupines from other countries.
L u p i n u s l u t e u s , L i n n é .» _
The Scented Yellow Lupine. Countries in the
Mediterranean Sea. Can be grown in Norway to lat. 70 [bchnebe
1er]. This annnal species is predominantly m use as green m an n ^
through Middle Europe, to improve sandy soil ; it is the best ot ail
y e t S e d andwilldo%Venoncoast-drB^^
bke some other lupines as a foddor-herb, green as well as for hay ,
some lupines are also very valuable as pasture-herbs.
are very fattening, when used as an addition to ordinaiy fodder, and
L 7 n this re!pec! quite equal to oil-cake, while the foliage is said to
be not inferior to th a t of clover and more bulky. Nevertheless some
lupines have proved poisonous to sheep. Tupm^®®eds roasted
ocLsionally been utilised as a. substitute for CoHee. Ahoffi 90 lbs
of seeds are required for an acre. Langetha observes tlm Yellow
Sainfoin does for the poorest limestone or marly soi , th a t the Yelfow
Lupine carries out for sand-land.” Lupines are ‘‘o*
or moory ground, nor for limestone-formations, where most other
legiiminlns fodder-plants do well. Mr. Joseph Angnstui speata of
a yellow-flowering lupine, which sometimes in the Azores attains a
height of 12 feet in three months.
L u p i n u s v a r i u s , L i n n e .
The Bine Lupine. Also a Mediterranean annual, used like the
above species; but a few others are under cultivation a® ^ Î ^ T e d
Some of the American, particularly Californian species “ ® ^ ^ ® ‘^
even as superior to the M editerranean kinds for agrarian purposes.
L y e i u m A f r u m , L in n é .
Africa and South-Western Asia The “ Caffir-Thorn Can
with many other species he utilised as a hedge-bush. I t s almost
evergreen, fiercely spiny, easily raised from seeds, readily b an s
planted, quick in growth, stands olippmg well, ®®®^® fre®ly, ‘® ®*rong
L o u g h to resist cattle and close enough to keep off fowls. Suc®®eds
famoLly even on coast-sands. A first-rate I’®®-?*“ * ! J f r
U lb. of seeds a t a cost of 30 shillings sufiioes for a mile of
■ IT h L an g ]. Pasture-animals must be kept away from the
[ h ic h is deleterious. L. Chineuse (Miller) and some few other
congeners serve likewise hedge-purposes.
L v o i u m b a r b a r u m , L in n é .
Northern .Africa and South-Western Asia. The most common
kind grown in Europe for hedges. Is content with poor soil.
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