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The flowers are sought by bees, even more eagerly than those of
most other Eucalypts, the resulting honey being excellent [Cole-
mjin]. E. Leucoxylon has, next to E. rostrata, thriven best about
Lucknow, in India, among the species tried there for forest-oultnre.
E . Sideroxylon is a synonym, referring particularly to the rough-
barked variety. For quickly withdrawing the sap from freshly felled
timber in Switzerland the Rieser-process was invented ; it consists
in the wood being a t once steamed and then kiln-dried, losses in
timber through cracking or deterioration through warping being thus
avoided. Mr. R. A. Robertson, iu Victoria, has availed himself
already of the patent. Eucalyptus-wood can in this way be nsed for
casks, tools and other purposes far more advantageously, and gets also'
better workable, though for underground applications perhaps too
much of the preservative principle may get removed.
B u c a ly rp tu s lo n g ifo lia . Link.*
Extra-tropic Eastern Australia. A tree, known as the Woolly
B u tt, under favorable circumstances reaching 200 feet in height, the
stem attaining a great girth. Mr. J . Reader asserts th a t there is not
extant a more useful timber ; it stands well in any situation. Weight
of a cubic foot of absolutely dry wood about 68|- lbs., equal to
speoiflo gravity l ’]0 7 ,[F. v. Mueller and Rummel]. The tree thrives
well at the city of Algiers [Prof. Bourlier].
E u c a ly p t u s lo x o p h le b a , Bentham.*
The York-Gumtree of extra-tropic West-Australia. Found naturally
in fertile soil, where it is comparatively quick in growth ; it
readily shoots again from stumps [G. E. Best]. Attains a height of
about 100 feet, the stem a diameter of 4 feet. The wood is very
tough, and preferably sought in West-Australia for naves and felloes;
even when dry it is heavier than water. This species passes almost
into the earlier known E. foecunda (Endlicher).
B u c a l j r p tu s m a c r o r r h y n c h a , P. v. Mueller.*
The common Stringybark-tree of Victoria, not extending far into
New South Wales. This tree attains a height of 120 feet, and is
generally found growing on sterile ridges ; to some degree frost-
bearing. The wood, which contains a good deal of kino is used for
joists, keels of boats, fence-rails, and rough building-purposes, also
extensively for fuel. The fibrous dark-brown bark serves for roofs
of lints, and also for rough tying. The wood proved in our experiments
here nearly as strong as th a t of E . globulus and E. rostrata,
and considerably stronger than that of E. obliqua. The fresh bark
contains from 11 to 14 per cent, of pure kino-tannic acid [F . v. M.
and Rummel]. The kino contains about 72 per cent, of tannin. I t
is soluble in water as well as in alcohol [Maiden].
E u c a l y p t u s m a c u l a t a , Hooker.*
The Spotted Gumtree of New South Wales and Queensland,
tree, reaching 160 feet in lieight. Grows best on stony rid^
Content with poor soil, but more susceptible to frost than many other
conveners [Naudiu]. Thrives well on the mountains of Ceylon and
also'at Algiers. The kino of this species is_quite resinous, so much
so, th a t articles varnished with it withstand the application of watery
fluids [A. R. Crawford]. The wood is priuoipally employed in shipbuilding,
wheelwrights’ and coopers’ work. One of the woods chosen
in Sydney for street-paving since 1880. Such wood-paving lasts
much longer in dry and winterless climes than in others. The heart-
wood is as strong as th a t of British oak [Rev. Dr. Woolls].^ Average
specific gravity, when well-seasoned, 0-942 [Clem. Hodgkinson].
E u c a ly p t u s m a r g in a t a , Donn.*
The Jan-ah or Mahogany-tree of South-Western Australia, famed
for its mdestructible wood, which is neither attacked by chelura, nor
teredo, nor termites, and therefore much sought for jetties and other
structures exposed to sea-water, also for any underground-work,
telegraph-poles, and largely exported for railway-sleepers. Vessels
built of this timber have been enabled to do away with copper-plating.
For jetties the piles are used round, and they do not split when
rammed even into limestone or other hard foundations, provided the
timber is of the best hard kind [Walker and Swan]. The Government’s
Clerk of Works at P e rth observed th a t he took up piles in
1877 which were driven for a whaling je tty in 1834, and th a t the
timber was perfectly sound, although the place was swarming with
teredo. A t the je tty in Fremantle, piles 30 years old and others one
year old could scarcely be distinguished. The durability of this timber
seems largely attributable to kino-red, allied to phlohaphen, of which
it contains about 15 to 17 per cent. Of kino-tannin it contains 4 to
6 per cent. Sir Fred. Abel traces the immunity of this timber against
boring animals to the peculiar acid principle contained in this and
some allied woods. Timber of a close grain and a slightly oily
and resinous nature ; it works well, makes a fine finish, and is by
local ship-builders considered superior to either sal, teak, or any
other wood, except perhaps ^English oak or live-oak. In West-
Australia it is much used for flooring, rafters, shingles ; also for
furrriture, as it is easily worked, takes a good polish, and then looks
very beantifnl. I t is not too hard, and hence is more easily worked
than E. redunca and E. loxophleba. The wood from the hills is
darker, tougher, and heavier than th a t from the plains. Wood-bricks
from this tree are since several years very successfully used in
London for street-paving. Well seasoned timber weighs about 64 lbs.
per cubic foot ; freshly cut, from 71 to 76 lbs. I t is one of_ the least
inflammable woods according to Captain Fawcett, and is locally
regarded as one of the best woods for charcoal. Mr. H. E. Victor,
C.E., of Perth, estimates the area, covered a t present by marketable
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