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Select Plants fo r Industrial Culture and
E. piperita. Rails used for 40 years could be re-used in new
A. R. Crawford]. Kino soluble in water as well as in alcohol
;j. H. Maiden].
E u c a ly p t u s flc ifo lia , P. v. Mueller.*
South-Western Australia. Although not a tree of large dimensions,
this splendid species should be mentioned for the sake of its
magnificent trusses of crimson flowers, irrespective of its claims as
a shady, heat-resisting avenue-tree, not standing iu need of watering.
I t bears a close resemblance to E. calophylla.
E u c a ly p t u s g lo b u lu s . La Biliardière.*
The Blue Gumtree of Victoria and Tasmania ; very rare iu New
South Wales, extending however naturally to New England ; famed
all over the world, and, with many other species, iu most places
first introduced directly or indirectly by the writer of this work,
a t the Mediterranean Sea nearly 40 years ago, there by the aid of
Mons. Prosper Eamel. The tree is, among evergreen trees, of
unparalleled rapid growth, and attains exceptionally a height of
300 feet, furnishing a first-elass wood. Ship-builders can get keels
of this timber 120 feet long ; besides this they nse it extensively
for planking aud many other parts of the ship. Experiments ou
tire strength of various woods, instituted by Mr. Luehmann and the
author, proved tlie wood of the Bine Gumtree in average of eleven
tests to be about equal to the best English oak, American white
oak and American ash. The best samples indeed carried as great
a weight as hickory in transverse strain, the ordinary kind about
as much as th a t of Eucalyptus rostrata, and more than th a t of E.
macrorrhyncha, E. Gunnii, E. Stuartiana, and E. goniocalyx, but
did not quite come up to the strength of E. mellidora, E. poi van-
thema, E. siderophloia and E. Leucoxylon. Bluegum-wood is also
very extensively used by carpenters for all kinds of out-door work,
joists and studs of wooden houses ; also for fence-rails, telegraph-
poles, railway-sleepers (lasting nine years or more), for shafts and
spokes of drays and a variety of other purposes. Mr. W. Tait, of
Oporto, has reoommended the wood for wine-casks, these requiring
no soaking. The price of this timber in Melbourne is about Is. 74
per cubic foot, the weight of the latter when absolutely dry being
from 43 to 46 lbs., equal to specific gravity 0'698-0'889 [F. v. M.
and Rummel]. I t has also come into use for wood-bricks, the price
of which is a t present about £4 per 1,000 in London. The felling
of Eucalypts for timber should be effected towards the end of the dry
season, when the flow of the sap will be least active, whereas ring-
barking, if th a t is a t all admissible or desirable, should be effected
during the latter part of the cool or the earlier part of the warm
season, so that by exhausting the sap largely the least new shoots or
none will be formed from the root. Regular Eucalyptus-culture
merely for fuel would be profitable even in Australia on ground not
too distant from a market, and not otherwise readily utilised. In
South-Europe the E. globulus has withstood a temperature of 19° F.,
but succumbed at 17° F . ; it perished from frost at the Black Sea and
Turkestan, when young, according to Dr. Regel. Survived severe
winters in mild sheltered places of Cornwall and Dorsetshire, also
near Hastings [.J. Colebrook]. According to the Rev. D. Landsborough,
it proved hardy in the Isle of Arran. Mr. Ch. Traill notes
it as thriving amazingly as far south as Stewart-Island. Yet
the sirocco does not destroy it. In Jamaica it attained 60 feet in
seven years, on the hills ; in California it grew 60 feet in eleven
years ; in Florida 40 feet in four years, with a stem of 1 foot in
diameter. In some parts of India its growth has been even more rapid;
at the Neilgherry-Hills it has been reared advantageously, where
E. marginata, E. obliqua, E . robusta and E. calophylla had failed.
Its growth was there found to be four times as fast as that of teak,
and the wood proved for many purposes as valuable. Trees attained
a height of 30 feet in four years ; one tree, twelve years old, was 100
feet high, and 6 feet in girth at 3 feet from the ground; to thrive
well there it wants an elevation of not less than 4,000 feet. I t has
succeeded particularly well at an elevation of from 2,600 to 7,000
feet in Central Mexico [Dr. Mariano Baroena]. Up to 1894 between
six and seven million trees were planted in the Transvaal, chiefly E.
globulus. Near Pretoria Mr. Schierliolz noticed this species to have
attained a stem-circumference of 9^ feet in 22 years. On the Upper
Sliire-River, within British Nyassa-land, some of these trees have
already attained a height of over 100 feet. Ripens germinable seeds
in Jersey, where in 1891 already a tree had attained a height of 110
feet, with a stem-circumference of 10 feet at the base [T . Sharman].
Mr. T. Waugh observed in South-Island, New Zealand, that plants,
raised from locally'-ripened seeds, proved hardier than those raised
from Australian ordinary seed. The province of Roussillon, after
its thousands of years of liistory, became in the aspect of its landscape
completely changed within the last few years through Prof. Naudin
extending thereto also copiously E. globulus. At the height of 2,500
feet on the base of the South-European Alps and in localities too
cold for olive-culture, E. globulus grew to 70 feet high in seven
years [Naudin]. In Algeria and Portugal it has furnished railway-
sleepers iu eight years, and telegraph-poles in ten years [Cruikshank].
At Urana it grew 15 feet in two years, with irrigation [E . Van
Weenan]. On the mountains a t Guatemala it attained, in twelve
years, a height of 120 feet and a stem-oircumference of 9 feet
[Boucard]. Will grow in favorable places on somewhat humid soil
slightly over a foot a month at Port Phillip vyhile young. The form
of its leaves is only changed in the third year. The removal of the
broad-leaved lower branches from plants two or three years old
promotes muoli a healthy growth of the young trees. For window-
culture iu cold countries E. globulus was first reoommended by Ucke ;
for culture in hospital-wards, to counteract oontagia, by Mosler and
Goeze. Eucalyptus leaves generate ozone largely for the purification